{"name":"RxShift State Pharmacy Staffing Law Data","version":"2026-10-13","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","cite_as":"RxShift State Pharmacy Staffing Law Data, verified 2026-10-13, rxshift.io/data, CC BY 4.0","publisher":"RxShift (https://rxshift.io)","documentation":"https://rxshift.io/data","change_log":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates","disclaimer":"Informational only, not legal advice; always confirm against the cited primary source.","states":[{"code":"AL","name":"Alabama","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/alabama","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=AL","citation":"Ala. Admin. Code r. 680-X-2-.14(5)","rule":"A certification-scaled ceiling: 2 technicians with none certified, 3 with at least one certified, 4 with at least two certified. Four is a hard ceiling.","certification_effect":"Certification raises the ceiling but certified technicians still count toward it; more certifications never push it past 4.","answer":"Alabama scales the cap with certification: 2 technicians when none are certified, 3 when at least one is certified, and 4 when at least two are certified. Four per pharmacist is a hard ceiling under rule 680-X-2-.14(5).","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":"A rulemaking filed July 15, 2026 corrects a statutory reference only. The Board filed its certification of the final rule on September 17, 2026; it amends paragraphs (10)(b) and (10)(c) only, and the ratio in subsection (5) is unchanged.","last_verified":"2026-10-05"},{"code":"AR","name":"Arkansas","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/arkansas","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=AR","citation":"17 CAR 160-907 (rewritten eff. Oct 10, 2025)","rule":"Each pharmacist on duty may use up to 4 support staff, counting pharmacy technicians, licensed interns and externs together.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change the cap. Arkansas has one technician class and no trainee tier, and the 4-person limit applies regardless of who is certified.","answer":"Since October 10, 2025, Arkansas Board of Pharmacy rule 17 CAR 160-907 lets each pharmacist on duty use up to 4 support staff, counting pharmacy technicians, licensed interns and externs together.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"CA","name":"California","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/california","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=CA","citation":"BPC 4115, as amended by AB 1503 (eff. Jan 1, 2026)","rule":"An additive formula: 3 technicians for the first pharmacist on duty, plus 3 more for each additional pharmacist.","certification_effect":"The formula counts technicians, not certifications; the pharmacist-in-charge sets ratios within it.","answer":"Since AB 1503 took effect on January 1, 2026, BPC 4115 allows 3 technicians for the first pharmacist on duty plus 3 for each additional pharmacist.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-05"},{"code":"CO","name":"Colorado","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/colorado","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=CO","citation":"C.R.S. 12-280-122","rule":"Up to 6 technicians and interns combined per pharmacist (no more than 2 interns); central-fill pharmacies may go to 8.","certification_effect":"Once 3 or more technicians are on duty, a majority must be fully certified and every technician needs at least a provisional certification (valid up to 18 months, non-renewable).","answer":"Colorado allows up to 6 technicians and interns combined per pharmacist, with no more than 2 interns, under C.R.S. 12-280-122.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-05"},{"code":"CT","name":"Connecticut","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/connecticut","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=CT","citation":"Regs. Conn. State Agencies § 20-576-36","rule":"A supervising pharmacist may supervise up to 2 pharmacy technicians in a community pharmacy, or up to 3 when one of the 3 is a Certified Pharmacy Technician and that pharmacist has not given the pharmacist manager a written refusal to supervise three, or for IV admixture and other sterile products preparation, unit dose and unit of use dispensing and bulk compounding.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change the number RxShift applies. RxShift applies 2 per pharmacist whether or not a technician is certified, because the third place also depends on a written refusal it cannot see.","answer":"In a Connecticut community pharmacy, one supervising pharmacist may supervise up to 2 pharmacy technicians, or up to 3 when one of the 3 is a Certified Pharmacy Technician and that pharmacist has not given the pharmacist manager a written refusal to supervise three, or for IV admixture and other sterile products preparation, unit dose and unit of use dispensing and bulk compounding (Regs. Conn. State Agencies § 20-576-36).","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"DE","name":"Delaware","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/delaware","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=DE","citation":"24 Del. Admin. Code 2500 § 21.2.5","rule":"No pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Instead a working-conditions rule for pharmacists: a pharmacist who works 6 or more continuous hours must be allowed a 30-minute uninterrupted meal break and a 15-minute break, with an additional 15-minute break at 12 continuous hours.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change any of these numbers. Delaware sets no technician limit, and its break rule applies to pharmacists only.","answer":"Delaware does not set a number. There is no pharmacist-to-technician ratio in 24 Del. C. chapter 25 or in 24 Del. Admin. Code 2500.","hours_heading":"Delaware requires pharmacist breaks, and only the pharmacist’s.","hours_text":"Under 24 Del. Admin. Code 2500 section 21.2.5, published January 1, 2026, a pharmacist who works 6 continuous hours or longer must be allowed at least one 30-minute uninterrupted meal break and one 15-minute break, 45 minutes in all. A pharmacist required to work 12 continuous hours qualifies for an additional 15-minute break, 60 minutes in all. A pharmacist who is entitled to breaks may not be required to work more than 5 continuous hours, not counting a 15-minute break, before being given the chance to take the 30-minute meal break. The rule names pharmacists only. RxShift flags a pharmacist shift of 6 hours or more with less than 45 minutes of break, and one of 12 hours or more with less than 60, before you publish. Two points are RxShift’s own reading. The rule says continuous hours without saying whether break time counts, so RxShift measures the length of the shift, the cautious reading. And the breaks are an entitlement the pharmacy must allow, so a flag means the schedule left no room for them, not that anyone was made to skip one. RxShift records one break total per shift, so it does not check that the 45 minutes is a 30-minute uninterrupted meal break plus a separate 15, or where in the shift the breaks fall. Delaware’s pharmacy regulation sets no maximum shift length and no minimum rest between shifts. It does require records RxShift does not hold: signed staffing forms kept in the pharmacy for at least 3 years, and documentation of the corrective action taken on each staffing report, kept for at least 3 years and produced within 48 hours of the Board’s request (sections 21.4 and 21.5.3). It also requires at least one fully trained technician on the premises whenever the pharmacy department is open (section 21.6), which RxShift does not check.","posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"GA","name":"Georgia","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/georgia","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=GA","citation":"O.C.G.A. 26-4-82 (as amended by HB 382, eff. July 1, 2026) and Board rule 480-15-.03(e)","rule":"A flat ceiling of 4 technicians per pharmacist in the licensed area; remote technicians do not count toward the ratio. Pharmacy interns and externs sit outside the 1:4 technician cap.","certification_effect":"Board rule 480-15-.03(e) still requires at least 1 certified technician to staff 3 and at least 2 certified to staff 4, even though HB 382 removed the tiers from the statute itself.","answer":"Georgia caps on-site technicians at 4 per pharmacist. Since HB 382 took effect on July 1, 2026, remotely located technicians no longer count toward the ratio.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"IL","name":"Illinois","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/illinois","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=IL","citation":"225 ILCS 85/15.1","rule":"No pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Instead a working-conditions law: a pharmacy may not require a pharmacist, student pharmacist, or technician to work more than 12 continuous hours in a day including breaks, and a pharmacist working 6 or more hours must be allowed a 30-minute meal break plus a 15-minute break (one more 15-minute break at 12 hours). The pharmacy may stay open during the break.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change any of those numbers. It changes what a technician may do, and every registered technician in Illinois must become certified within 2 years of first licensure.","answer":"Illinois does not set a number. There is no pharmacist-to-technician ratio in the Pharmacy Practice Act or in 68 Ill. Adm. Code Part 1330; sites claiming a 1-to-4 cap on uncertified technicians are wrong.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":"HB4243 (104th General Assembly) would require on-site staffing at retail pharmacies filling 150 or more prescriptions a day; re-referred to the Rules Committee April 17, 2026 with no floor vote.","last_verified":"2026-10-05"},{"code":"KS","name":"Kansas","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/kansas","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=KS","citation":"K.A.R. 68-5-16","rule":"Up to 4 pharmacy technicians per pharmacist, and no more than 2 of them may be technicians who have not passed a Board-approved certification exam.","certification_effect":"Passing a Board-approved exam (the PTCB or NHA ExCPT exam) decides who can fill the third and fourth places. It does not raise the total of 4.","answer":"One Kansas pharmacist may supervise up to 4 pharmacy technicians, and no more than 2 of them may be technicians who have not passed a Board-approved certification exam, under K.A.R. 68-5-16.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"KY","name":"Kentucky","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/kentucky","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=KY","citation":"201 KAR 2:450 § 2(3); KRS 337.355; KRS 337.365","rule":"No pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Instead a break rule: the Board of Pharmacy's rule on a pharmacy permit holder's conduct refers to appropriately requested rest and meal periods as permitted by KRS 337.355 and KRS 337.365, which provide every employee a paid rest period of at least 10 minutes during each 4 hours worked and a reasonable lunch period.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change any of these numbers. Kentucky sets no technician limit, and its break statutes cover every employee whatever their credential.","answer":"Kentucky does not set a number. 201 KAR 2:045, the Board of Pharmacy’s technician rule, sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio, and neither does KRS chapter 315.","hours_heading":"Kentucky sets no technician ratio. It points to rest and lunch breaks for every employee.","hours_text":"Kentucky sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio. What it sets is a break rule. The Board of Pharmacy’s rule on a pharmacy permit holder’s conduct, 201 KAR 2:450 section 2(3), refers to “appropriately requested rest and meal periods as permitted by KRS 337.355 and KRS 337.365.” Those two statutes apply to employees generally, and the rest-period statute covers salaried as well as hourly employees, so they reach pharmacists, technicians and other pharmacy staff. Both have exceptions, including collective bargaining agreements and, for lunch, a mutual agreement between the employee and the employer. KRS 337.365 requires a rest period of at least 10 minutes during each 4 hours worked, with no reduction in pay, in addition to the regular lunch period. KRS 337.355 requires a reasonable lunch period, as close to the middle of the shift as possible and no sooner than 3 hours or later than 5 hours after the shift starts. It states no length, and RxShift does not invent one. RxShift flags a shift longer than 3 hours with no break recorded, and a shift of 4 hours or more with less than 10 minutes of break, 20 minutes at 8 hours, 30 at 12 and 40 at 16, before you publish. RxShift records one break total per shift, so it cannot tell a lunch from a paid rest period or see when either is taken, and it measures the length of the shift where the statute says hours worked. A flag means the schedule shows no rest or lunch period that Kentucky law calls for. The Board’s rule is framed around periods that are appropriately requested, which RxShift cannot see, so it applies the statutes’ own figures as a conservative default. Kentucky’s pharmacy law sets no maximum shift length, no minimum rest between shifts and no limit on consecutive days, and no duty to keep staffing or schedule records. Its security rule requires a pharmacy to be closed and secured in the absence of a pharmacist and states no allowance for a short break (201 KAR 2:100 section 1), so plan coverage for a solo pharmacist’s breaks accordingly.","posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"LA","name":"Louisiana","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/louisiana","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=LA","citation":"La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, 907(A)(1) and 709(B)","rule":"A combined ceiling of 4 support people per pharmacist on duty. Certified pharmacy technicians, pharmacy technician candidates and pharmacy interns all count in the same 4, and no more than 2 of them may be technician candidates.","certification_effect":"Certification does not raise the ceiling. It decides which slot a person can fill: a technician candidate is a registered trainee capped at 2 per pharmacist, while a certified pharmacy technician can fill any of the 4. Louisiana has no category of a working technician who is neither a candidate nor certified, so RxShift counts every uncertified technician as a candidate.","answer":"Louisiana sets a combined limit rather than a technician-only one. Under La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, 907(A)(1) the ratio of pharmacy technician candidates, certified pharmacy technicians and pharmacy interns to pharmacists on duty may not exceed 4 to 1 at any given time, and no more than 2 of those may be technician candidates.","hours_heading":"Louisiana requires a rest break after six hours. It does not say how long.","hours_text":"LAC 46:LIII.1107(C) says that no person credentialed by the Board may engage in the practice of pharmacy for longer than six hours without a rest break. That reaches pharmacists, technicians, technician candidates and interns. The rule states no minimum length, and RxShift does not invent one: a shift longer than six hours with no break recorded is flagged before you publish, and any break you schedule satisfies the check. How long that break should be is your policy, not a Louisiana requirement, and RxShift never labels it as one. Louisiana sets no cap on shift length and no minimum rest between shifts.","posting_duty":null,"pending":"Board Regulatory Project 2025-454 would amend section 907, but only its compounding language in subsection B; in the Board's coded draft the ratio sentence in 907(A)(1) is not changed. The Board anticipated an October 20, 2026 effective date; as of September 28, 2026 the final rule had not been published in the Louisiana Register.","last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"MA","name":"Massachusetts","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/massachusetts","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=MA","citation":"247 CMR 8.06(3)","rule":"A composition-gated ceiling: a 3rd support person requires at least one certified technician or pharmacy intern, and a 4th requires at least two; the regulation states no condition for one or two. A pharmacy providing vaccination services may run up to 6 under Board Policy 2026-02, when at least 3 of them are certified technicians or pharmacy interns and no more than 2 of those 3 are interns.","certification_effect":"Certified technicians and pharmacy interns are pooled together and both satisfy the composition requirement that unlocks the 3rd and 4th slot; pharmacy technician trainees count toward the headcount but never toward that requirement.","answer":"Under 247 CMR 8.06(3), a Massachusetts pharmacist needs at least one certified pharmacy technician or pharmacy intern among the support staff to have a 3rd, and at least two to have a 4th. The regulation states no condition for one or two support staff.","hours_heading":"Massachusetts also limits hours, and the limit follows the clock, not the calendar.","hours_text":"Under 247 CMR 9.01(17), a pharmacist, pharmacy intern or pharmacy technician may not practice in a pharmacy for more than 12 hours in any 24-hour period, and must complete eight consecutive hours of rest before returning to work. Because the rule says any 24-hour period, an evening shift followed by an early shift the next morning can exceed the limit even though neither calendar day does. RxShift checks the 12 hours across a sliding 24-hour window and checks the eight-hour rest between every pair of shifts, for pharmacists, interns and technicians alike, and flags either before you publish. Two points are RxShift's reading rather than the Board's. The Board has not said whether break time counts toward the 12 hours; RxShift counts it, which is the stricter reading. And RxShift treats 12 hours as a ceiling and the eight-hour rest as a separate requirement. The rule permits exceeding 12 hours only in a documented extenuating circumstance, and RxShift records the reason you give when you publish over a flag. Separately, 247 CMR 9.19(17) caps a pharmacist's temporary absence from the pharmacy at 30 minutes in any six hours. RxShift does not enforce that ceiling. A break longer than 30 minutes can be lawful under the 12-hour rule and still exceed it, so plan pharmacist breaks with both in mind.","posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-09-21"},{"code":"MN","name":"Minnesota","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/minnesota","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=MN","citation":"Minn. Stat. 151.102, subd. 1","rule":"One pharmacist may supervise up to 3 technicians, and the pharmacy may add 1 more technician at any given time if at least one certified technician is on duty and counting toward the ratio.","certification_effect":"One certified technician raises the pharmacy's limit by exactly one, once. Additional certifications do not raise it further, and the extra technician is per pharmacy, not per pharmacist.","answer":"Under Minn. Stat. 151.102, subd. 1, a pharmacist may supervise up to 3 technicians. The pharmacy may exceed that by a total of one technician at any given time if at least one technician in the pharmacy holds a valid national certification.","hours_heading":"Minnesota: no required day longer than 12 continuous hours, and a 30-minute break when working longer than six continuous hours.","hours_text":"Minn. R. 6800.2160 says a Minnesota pharmacy “shall not require a pharmacist, pharmacist-intern, or pharmacy technician to work longer than 12 continuous hours per day, inclusive of the breaks required under subpart 2,” and that a pharmacist, pharmacist-intern, or pharmacy technician “working longer than six continuous hours per day shall be allowed during that time period to take a 30-minute, uninterrupted break.” RxShift flags a scheduled day longer than 12 hours on the clock, breaks included, or a shift longer than six hours scheduled with less than 30 minutes of break, for all three roles, before you publish. A schedule records how long a break is, not whether it is uninterrupted, so RxShift checks the length. The rule carries an emergency exception that suspends both limits, and it entitles staff to restroom access. RxShift documents both and enforces neither, because neither can be read from a schedule.","posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-09-08"},{"code":"MS","name":"Mississippi","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/mississippi","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=MS","citation":"Miss. Admin. Code tit. 30, pt. 3001, art. XL § 4.D","rule":"A flat 3 pharmacy technicians per pharmacist, in every pharmacy setting. Pharmacy interns and externs are not counted.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change the number. A certified pharmacy technician counts toward the 3 like any other technician.","answer":"One Mississippi pharmacist may supervise no more than 3 pharmacy technicians at a time, in every pharmacy setting, under Miss. Admin. Code tit. 30, pt. 3001, art. XL § 4.D.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"MT","name":"Montana","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/montana","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=MT","citation":"ARM 24.174.411; ARM 24.174.711","rule":"No pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Montana leaves the number of technicians a pharmacist supervises to the pharmacist-in-charge (ARM 24.174.711). Its schedule rule is a pharmacist break: in a pharmacy staffed by a single pharmacist, the pharmacist shall take a meal or rest break on the premises of up to 30 minutes per shift, without closing the pharmacy (ARM 24.174.411).","certification_effect":"Certification does not change any of this. Montana sets no technician limit, and its break rule is for pharmacists.","answer":"Montana does not set a number. Under ARM 24.174.711 the pharmacist-in-charge determines the ratio of pharmacy technicians to pharmacists on duty, and the Board of Pharmacy’s rules set no fixed limit.","hours_heading":"Montana sets no technician ratio. It sets a break for the pharmacist.","hours_text":"Montana does not cap how many pharmacy technicians a pharmacist may supervise. ARM 24.174.711 leaves that number to the pharmacist-in-charge’s judgment, backed by staffing policies that are reviewed annually and available for inspection. What the Board of Pharmacy does set is a break. Under ARM 24.174.411(1), as amended effective December 6, 2025, in a pharmacy staffed by a single pharmacist, the pharmacist shall take a meal or rest break on the premises for a period of up to 30 minutes per shift, without closing the pharmacy and removing support personnel, provided the pharmacist reasonably believes the security of prescription drugs will be maintained in the pharmacist’s absence. The rule states no shift length that triggers the break, and “up to 30 minutes” is a ceiling, not a minimum. RxShift reads it cautiously. It applies the break to every pharmacist, because it checks breaks person by person, and it flags a pharmacist shift longer than 6 hours with no break of any length recorded before you publish. That 6-hour threshold is RxShift’s own reading, not a number in Montana’s rule, and a flag means the schedule shows no break for that pharmacist, not that anyone has found a violation. RxShift does not check that a break stayed within 30 minutes or that the pharmacist stayed on the premises. Three related duties are Montana’s and RxShift does not check them. A pharmacy technician may act as the agent in charge while the pharmacist is on the premises but not physically present, and may not be left in charge for more than 30 minutes (ARM 24.174.703(10)). A sign must be posted in clear view of patients saying that no pharmacist is on duty and giving the time of the break (ARM 24.174.411(3)). And the pharmacist-in-charge must develop written policies for operating the pharmacy in the pharmacist’s temporary absence (ARM 24.174.411(2)). Montana’s Board of Pharmacy rules set no maximum shift length, no minimum rest between shifts, no limit on consecutive days and no duty to keep staffing or schedule records, and an intern may practice only under the supervision of a supervising pharmacist (ARM 24.174.602(2)).","posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-13"},{"code":"NE","name":"Nebraska","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/nebraska","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=NE","citation":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 38-2866.01","rule":"A pharmacist may supervise any combination of pharmacy technicians and pharmacist interns, up to a total of 4 people. When a pharmacist supervises 4 pharmacy technicians, at least one of them must be a certified pharmacy technician.","certification_effect":"Certification does not raise the total of 4. It decides only whether a pharmacist may supervise four technicians: with four, at least one must be certified. With three technicians, none needs to be.","answer":"In Nebraska, one pharmacist may supervise any combination of pharmacy technicians and pharmacist interns, up to a total of 4 people, under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 38-2866.01(1). When a pharmacist supervises 4 pharmacy technicians, at least one must be a certified pharmacy technician.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-13"},{"code":"NV","name":"Nevada","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/nevada","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=NV","citation":"NAC 639.250","rule":"One pharmacist may supervise up to 3 technicians, or 1 technician plus 2 technicians-in-training.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change the cap; the 3-technician ceiling applies regardless.","answer":"Under NAC 639.250, one pharmacist may supervise up to 3 pharmacy technicians, or 1 technician plus 2 technicians-in-training.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":"Proposed rule R072-25 would change staffing requirements, but it was tabled at the Board's June 4, 2026 hearing and has not been adopted. Current law is unchanged.","last_verified":"2026-10-05"},{"code":"NJ","name":"New Jersey","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/new-jersey","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=NJ","citation":"N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15","rule":"A base cap of 2 technicians per pharmacist for any mix. Above 2 there is no stated ceiling, but every technician on duty must hold a qualifying credential and the pharmacy must meet the rule's other conditions.","certification_effect":"The uncap is all-or-nothing: one technician on duty without a qualifying credential returns the whole crew to the 2-per-pharmacist base. A qualifying credential is passing the PTCB exam, a Board-approved certification program, or a Board-approved employer training program with a testing component (which counts only at that employer). A credential alone is not enough: the pharmacy also needs written job descriptions and task protocols, a technician policy and procedure manual that the pharmacist-in-charge reviews at least every two years, documented in-service training, and immediate personal supervision.","answer":"New Jersey's base rule is 2 technicians per pharmacist.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-09-07"},{"code":"NY","name":"New York","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/new-york","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=NY","citation":"N.Y. Educ. Law 6841(4); 8 NYCRR 29.7(a)(21)(ii)","rule":"A total-headcount rule with a sub-cap: a pharmacist may have no more than 4 support people at one time, and no more than 2 of them may be registered pharmacy technicians performing licensed technician tasks. Pharmacy interns are exempt. Since November 21, 2025 registered technicians may work in community pharmacies (L. 2025 ch. 543).","certification_effect":"Certification does not raise or lower the numbers. A PTCB or NHA certification is how a technician qualifies for the New York registered pharmacy technician licence; someone with a national certification but no New York licence counts as an unlicensed person (a clerk, in everyday terms) inside the four.","answer":"New York sets a total rather than a technician ratio. Under Education Law 6841(4) a pharmacist may have no more than four support people assisting at one time, and no more than two of those may be registered pharmacy technicians performing licensed technician tasks.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":"S5625 (2025-2026) would require two pharmacists whenever a pharmacy dispenses over 200 prescriptions in any 14-hour period; it has sat in the Senate Higher Education Committee across four sessions with no vote.","last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"NC","name":"North Carolina","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/north-carolina","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=NC","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c)","rule":"An approval state: a pharmacist may supervise no more than 2 pharmacy technicians unless the pharmacist-manager holds written Board of Pharmacy approval for a higher ratio, requested per permit (Board staff approve 1:3 to 1:5; 1:6 and above goes to the full Board).","certification_effect":"Certification does not raise the limit on its own. By statute the Board cannot approve a ratio above 1:2 unless every technician above the second is a certified pharmacy technician, so the condition travels with the approval. Pharmacy students in an approved school are outside the ratio; there is no technician trainee tier.","answer":"Two, unless the pharmacist-manager has written approval from the Board of Pharmacy for a higher ratio, under N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c).","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"ND","name":"North Dakota","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/north-dakota","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=ND","citation":"N.D. Admin. Code 61-02-07.1-04","rule":"Four pharmacy technicians per pharmacist in retail and hospital pharmacies. Closed-door pharmacies are allowed 5, and telepharmacy is excepted from the ratio entirely.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change the cap. National certification is a precondition of registering as a technician in North Dakota.","answer":"Four pharmacy technicians per pharmacist in a retail or hospital pharmacy, under N.D. Admin. Code 61-02-07.1-04. A closed-door pharmacy is allowed 5.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-05"},{"code":"OH","name":"Ohio","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/ohio","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=OH","citation":"OAC 4729:5-5-02.2","rule":"No numeric pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Instead: a 13-hour single-workday cap, a mandatory 8-hour rest gap between shifts, and documented exceptions retained for 3 years.","certification_effect":"Certification does not enter Ohio's staffing math; the binding rules are hour caps and rest gaps.","answer":"Ohio has no numeric ratio. Its binding staffing rules are a 13-hour cap on any single workday, a mandatory 8-hour rest gap between shifts, and 3-year documentation whenever a pharmacist voluntarily works past 13 hours (OAC 4729:5-5-02.2).","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"OK","name":"Oklahoma","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/oklahoma","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=OK","citation":"59 O.S. 353.18A(C), as amended by SB 906","rule":"Four pharmacy technicians per pharmacist, and the same 4 applies in every setting including hospitals.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change the cap. Oklahoma licenses technicians by Board permit rather than by national certification.","answer":"Four pharmacy technicians per pharmacist, under 59 O.S. 353.18A(C) as amended by SB 906 effective November 1, 2025.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":"Oklahoma requires a pharmacy to conspicuously display a work schedule whenever a technician and an auxiliary supportive person are both working. The schedule must show who is working in which role, the hours each works, and the ratio of technicians to supervising pharmacists. If someone is found performing duties the schedule does not list, the rule places the pharmacy and the supervising pharmacist in violation alongside the individual. RxShift produces that schedule from the same record it uses to check the ratio.","pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-05"},{"code":"RI","name":"Rhode Island","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/rhode-island","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=RI","citation":"216-RICR-40-15-1.6.1(E)","rule":"No pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Instead a staffing duty: a pharmacy must keep enough pharmacists and pharmacy technicians for its workload, provide adequate rest periods for its personnel, and give the Department of Health its staffing information, including staff schedules, on request (216-RICR-40-15-1.6.1(E)).","certification_effect":"Certification does not change any of this. Rhode Island sets no technician limit.","answer":"Rhode Island does not set a number. The Department of Health’s pharmacy regulation, 216-RICR-40-15-1, sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio.","hours_heading":"Rhode Island sets no technician ratio. It requires adequate staffing and adequate rest periods.","hours_text":"Rhode Island does not cap how many pharmacy technicians a pharmacist may supervise; the Department of Health’s pharmacy regulation, 216-RICR-40-15-1, contains no ratio. What it sets is a staffing standard. Section 1.6.1(E), as amended effective April 12, 2026, requires every pharmacy to maintain an adequate number of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to meet its workload, including immunizations and medications, to provide for adequate rest periods for personnel, and to maintain public safety. The rule gives no length for a rest period, no shift length that triggers one and no time of day. RxShift reads “adequate” cautiously. It applies to every person on the schedule, pharmacists, technicians and other staff, and flags a shift longer than 6 hours with no break of any length recorded before you publish. That 6-hour threshold is RxShift’s own reading, not a number in Rhode Island’s rule, and a flag means the schedule shows no break, not that the Department has found a violation. RxShift does not judge whether your staffing is adequate for your workload. That judgment is yours, and the Department’s. Rhode Island’s pharmacy regulation sets no maximum shift length, no minimum rest between shifts and no limit on consecutive days. It also requires a pharmacist to be physically accessible at the pharmacy’s address at all times it is open to the public (1.6.5(A)), allows a Pharmacy Technician II to be present without a pharmacist only while the pharmacy is closed to the public, and then only with the pharmacist-in-charge’s approval, to prepare medications (1.13.1(F)(2)(b)-(c)), and requires an intern to practice only under a pharmacist’s immediate supervision (1.5.9(A)(6)). RxShift does not hold your hours open to the public, so it does not check that exception.","posting_duty":"Rhode Island requires every pharmacy to keep enough pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to meet its workload and to provide adequate rest periods for its personnel. The pharmacy must give the Department of Health its staffing information on request, including the number of pharmacists and technicians, prescription volume, hours of operation and staff schedules (216-RICR-40-15-1.6.1(E)). The Department can judge a pharmacy inadequately staffed from on-site observation, sales and volume reports, staffing schedules and payroll reports, and a pharmacy it finds inadequately staffed is subject to Board discipline. The rule sets no retention period. RxShift exports your staff schedules and your staff roster, which lists each person’s role, to Excel. Prescription volume, hours of operation and payroll are not held in RxShift.","pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-13"},{"code":"SC","name":"South Carolina","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/south-carolina","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=SC","citation":"S.C. Code Ann. 40-43-86(B)(4)(b)","rule":"A dual cap for community and retail pharmacies: at most 4 technicians per pharmacist at a time, of which no more than 2 may be non-certified.","certification_effect":"State-certified technicians are what allow a pharmacist to go above 2 technicians, but they still count toward the cap of 4. Institutional pharmacies follow a separate 1-to-3 employment ratio.","answer":"In community and retail settings, one South Carolina pharmacist may supervise at most 4 technicians at a time, and no more than 2 of them may be non-certified, under S.C. Code Ann. 40-43-86(B)(4)(b).","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-05"},{"code":"SD","name":"South Dakota","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/south-dakota","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=SD","citation":"ARSD 20:51:29:19","rule":"Up to 3 registered pharmacy technicians on duty in a pharmacy for every pharmacist on duty. Hospital, mail order and long-term care pharmacies are excepted: the pharmacist-in-charge sets the ratio there, under conditions.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change the number. National certification is optional in South Dakota, and a certified technician counts toward the 3 like any other registered technician.","answer":"In South Dakota, up to 3 registered pharmacy technicians may be on duty in a pharmacy for every pharmacist on duty, under ARSD 20:51:29:19.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-13"},{"code":"TN","name":"Tennessee","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/tennessee","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=TN","citation":"Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-02-.02(7)(a)","rule":"Up to 6 non-certified technicians per pharmacist; certified technicians (CPhT) are not counted against the ratio.","certification_effect":"Certified technicians are uncapped, so certification directly expands how many people can work a shift.","answer":"Tennessee allows up to 6 non-certified technicians per pharmacist under rule 1140-02-.02(7)(a). Certified pharmacy technicians are excluded from the count entirely, with no stated cap.","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-05"},{"code":"TX","name":"Texas","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/texas","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=TX","citation":"22 Tex. Admin. Code 291.32(d)(3)(A)","rule":"Up to 6 pharmacy technicians and technician trainees per on-site pharmacist, and no more than 3 of the 6 may be trainees.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change the numbers. In Texas a registered pharmacy technician is already certified, and a technician trainee is the uncertified tier with a hard 2-year limit, so certification decides which tier a person is in rather than how many people a pharmacist may supervise.","answer":"In a Class A community pharmacy, one on-site pharmacist may supervise up to 6 pharmacy technicians and technician trainees combined, and no more than 3 of those 6 may be trainees (22 Tex. Admin. Code 291.32(d)(3)(A)).","hours_heading":null,"hours_text":null,"posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-05"},{"code":"VT","name":"Vermont","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/vermont","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=VT","citation":"Vt. Bd. of Pharmacy Admin. R. 8-9(a)","rule":"No pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Instead a break rule: a pharmacy must ensure that every pharmacist, pharmacy technician, technician trainee and pharmacy intern working 8 or more hours takes at least one 30-minute break and one 15-minute break.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change any of these numbers. Vermont sets no technician limit, and its break rule covers every pharmacist, technician, trainee and intern on the shift.","answer":"Vermont does not set a number. There is no pharmacist-to-technician ratio in the Board of Pharmacy’s administrative rules or in 26 V.S.A. chapter 36.","hours_heading":"Vermont requires two breaks on a shift of 8 hours or more, and the pharmacy must ensure they are taken.","hours_text":"Board of Pharmacy Rule 8-9(a), effective February 1, 2026, requires a pharmacy to ensure that any pharmacy professional working 8 or more hours takes at least one 30-minute break and one 15-minute break during that working period. A pharmacy professional is a pharmacist, pharmacy technician, technician trainee or pharmacy intern (Rule 1-33), and a break is an uninterrupted period in which the person stops all activity related to the practice of pharmacy (Rule 1-6). RxShift flags a pharmacist or technician shift of 8 hours or more with less than 45 minutes of break before you publish, and covers trainees and interns whose staff record counts them as technicians. Vermont’s rule is mandatory rather than an entitlement: the pharmacy must ensure the break is taken and must not manipulate schedules to avoid providing breaks. The only exception in the rule is a deviation needed to minimize immediate, significant health risks to patients (Rule 8-9(a)(1)). The rule calls for one 30-minute break and one 15-minute break, so RxShift’s 45-minute total is a floor, not proof that both were given. RxShift records one break total per shift, so it does not check that it is two breaks or where in the shift they fall. It measures the length of the shift, the cautious reading, because the rule says working 8 or more hours without saying whether break time counts. Rule 8-9(a)(2) adds two duties RxShift cannot check: a pharmacy open to the public must schedule pharmacists’ 30-minute breaks at the same time each day, and a pharmacy staffed by a single pharmacist must close for that pharmacist’s 30-minute break. Vermont sets no maximum shift length and no minimum rest between shifts. It also requires records RxShift does not produce, including a documentation tool through which any pharmacy professional can report staffing concerns, and a continuous quality improvement summary kept for at least 4 years (Rules 8-9(b)(2) and 8-18).","posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-12"},{"code":"VA","name":"Virginia","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/virginia","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=VA","citation":"18VAC110-20-112(A)","rule":"No pharmacist may supervise more than 4 persons performing the duties of a pharmacy technician at one time. It is a test of what people are doing, not of what credential they hold.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change the cap. Registration, not certification, is the gating credential in Virginia, and there is no trainee sub-cap.","answer":"Four. Under 18VAC110-20-112(A) no pharmacist may supervise more than four persons performing the duties of a pharmacy technician at one time.","hours_heading":"Virginia limits a pharmacist's day, and only the pharmacist's.","hours_text":"Under 18VAC110-20-110(B), a pharmacy may not require a pharmacist to work longer than 12 continuous hours in a work day, must allow at least six hours off between consecutive shifts, and must allow a pharmacist working longer than six continuous hours to take a 30-minute break. A pharmacist may volunteer to work longer, and the rule yields in an emergency. Technicians and interns are not named in the subsection, so these limits apply to pharmacists only. RxShift flags a pharmacist shift over 12 hours, a rest gap under six hours, and a shift longer than six hours scheduled without a 30-minute break, before you publish. One point is RxShift's reading. The rule says 12 continuous hours without saying whether break time counts; RxShift counts it, the stricter reading. The break is an entitlement the pharmacy must allow, so a flag means the schedule left no room for it. A pharmacist who chooses to work through is a decision you record, not a violation RxShift reports. Virginia also requires the pharmacy to keep any Staffing Requests or Concerns Form on site for three years and produce it to the Board within 48 hours of a request (18VAC110-20-113(D)(1)). RxShift does not hold those forms.","posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-05"},{"code":"WV","name":"West Virginia","detail_url":"https://rxshift.io/states/west-virginia","ratio_url":"https://rxshift.io/ratio-check?state=WV","citation":"W. Va. C.S.R. 15-7-5.3","rule":"A pharmacist may supervise up to 6 pharmacy technicians and technician trainees, pooled into the same 6 rather than counted separately.","certification_effect":"Certification does not change the cap. National certification is a precondition of registering as a technician in West Virginia, so every registered technician already holds it.","answer":"Six. W. Va. C.S.R. 15-7-5.3 lets one pharmacist supervise up to 6 pharmacy technicians and/or pharmacy technician trainees.","hours_heading":"West Virginia caps 12 continuous hours and requires breaks at eight and twelve.","hours_text":"W. Va. C.S.R. 15-15-8 limits a pharmacist, pharmacy intern or pharmacy technician to 12 continuous hours in any 24-hour period, breaks included, and requires a 30-minute meal break on a shift of eight hours or more, with an additional 20 minutes on a shift of 12 hours. RxShift flags more than 12 hours in a day, an eight-hour shift with less than 30 minutes of break, and a 12-hour shift with less than 50, for all three roles, before you publish. RxShift measures the 12 hours per calendar day. The rule also says nobody may be required to work more than five continuous hours before being offered the meal break, and it requires the pharmacy to keep a record of each pharmacist's daily break periods. RxShift documents the placement rule rather than enforcing it, since a schedule records break length, not timing. The published schedule and the hour-by-hour compliance record are the kind of record that duty asks for.","posting_duty":null,"pending":null,"last_verified":"2026-10-05"}],"changes":[{"state":"AK","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"12 AAC 52.230 (no technician ratio); 12 AAC 52.220(e)(5) (intern simultaneity limit); 12 AAC 52.200(c); 12 AAC 52.205(b); AS 08.80.030(b)(7), 08.80.157(f), 08.80.480(29); all as printed in the Board of Pharmacy compilation \"Statutes and Regulations, Pharmacy, September 2026\" (Rev. 9/20/2026)","note":"Alaska sets no numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise, no maximum shift length, no required rest period or meal break for pharmacy staff, and no staffing-schedule record-keeping rule in the Board of Pharmacy's regulations (12 AAC 52, compilation revised September 20, 2026). It does limit interns: under 12 AAC 52.220(e)(5) more than one pharmacist intern may not dispense simultaneously under the direct supervision of the same supervising pharmacist, and the pharmacist-in-charge must be physically present long enough to provide supervision and control (12 AAC 52.200(c)).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ak-2026-10-12"},{"state":"AR","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"17 CAR 160-907 (as rewritten by Ark. R. 2025-15, eff. 2025-10-10), unchanged; History line read 2026-10-12 from the official Code of Arkansas Rules","note":"Arkansas's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged as of October 12, 2026. 17 CAR 160-907 still lets each pharmacist on duty use up to four support staff, counting pharmacy technicians, licensed interns and externs together, while interns on an assigned college rotation, graduate interns, clerks, secretaries, messengers and delivery staff stay outside the count. The Board's June and July 2026 meeting minutes, now posted, contain no change to this rule, and no amendment is pending.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ar-2026-10-12"},{"state":"AZ","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"4 A.A.C. 23 (Ariz. Admin. Code Title 4, Ch. 23, Board of Pharmacy), Supp. 26-1 (rules filed through 2026-03-31; Secretary of State signature 2026-05-20) — no ratio, no hours/rest/break/consecutive-day rule; non-ratio personnel cap by floor area at R4-23-609(A); A.R.S. 32-1961.01(C) (remote dispensing site supervision limit)","note":"Arizona does not set a pharmacist-to-technician ratio and does not set a maximum shift length, a required rest period, a meal or rest break, or a limit on consecutive days worked for pharmacy staff in its Board of Pharmacy rules (4 A.A.C. 23). What it does limit is how many people may work in the prescription area at once, by floor space: \"A maximum of three pharmacy personnel may practice or work simultaneously in the minimum area\" of 300 square feet, with 60 additional square feet required for each additional person (R4-23-609(A)). A pharmacy must also notify the Board within ten days of employing or terminating a pharmacist (R4-23-608(A)).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#az-2026-10-12"},{"state":"CA","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"BPC 4115(g)(1) (as amended by AB 1503, Ch. 196, Stats. 2025, Sec. 36, eff. 2026-01-01); not re-read this week","note":"California's pharmacy technician ratio is unchanged as of October 12, 2026. Business and Professions Code 4115, as amended by AB 1503 effective January 1, 2026, allows 3 pharmacy technicians for the first pharmacist on duty plus 3 more for each additional pharmacist. The Board of Pharmacy's October 2026 summary of new 2026 pharmacy legislation includes no bill that changes this ratio, and no ratio regulation is pending.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ca-2026-10-12"},{"state":"CT","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"Regs. Conn. State Agencies § 20-576-36 (community ratio; adopted eff. 1999-01-11, amended 2004-06-28); § 20-576-33 (institutional ratio); Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-598b(d)(1)(B) (advanced pharmacy technicians, P.A. 24-73) and § 20-633(c)(2)","note":"Connecticut allows two pharmacy technicians per supervising pharmacist in a community pharmacy, and three only if at least one of the three is a Certified Pharmacy Technician and the supervising pharmacist has not filed a written refusal, or when the work is IV admixture, sterile products, unit dose or bulk compounding (Regs. Conn. State Agencies § 20-576-36). Connecticut sets no pharmacy-specific maximum shift length, rest period or meal break; the general employee meal-period law (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 31-51ii) applies as it does to other workers, and a pharmacy must keep each pharmacist's written refusal on file where it can be produced to the department.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ct-2026-10-12"},{"state":"DC","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"17 DCMR § 9900.5 (Pharmacy Technicians, ch. 99, DC Health published version effective 2020-06-12); 22-B DCMR §§ 1901.2, 1920.4-.5 (Pharmacies, ch. 19, DC Health published version dated 2022-04-01); 17 DCMR § 6511.7 (Pharmacists, ch. 65, DC Health published version effective 2024-03-01)","note":"The District of Columbia sets no numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise; 17 DCMR § 9900.5 says only that no pharmacist may supervise more technicians and trainees than he or she can safely supervise. A licensed pharmacist must be on duty at all times a pharmacy is open, and a pharmacy with only one pharmacist on duty must close during that pharmacist's meal period and breaks (22-B DCMR § 1901.2); the Department of Health proposed a pharmacy working-conditions rule in November 2024 and no final rule was located as of October 12, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#dc-2026-10-12"},{"state":"DE","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"24 Del. Admin. Code 2500 § 21.0 \"Pharmacy Working Conditions\" (adopted by Board final order 2025-10-23, published 29 DE Reg. 625, 2026-01-01, effective ten days after publication) and § 19.0; 24 Del. C. ch. 25 (SB 180) — no numeric ratio in any of them","note":"Delaware sets no numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise. Its Board of Pharmacy working-conditions rule (24 Del. Admin. Code 2500, section 21.0, published 29 DE Reg. 625 on January 1, 2026) requires a pharmacist working 6 or more continuous hours to be allowed a 30-minute uninterrupted meal break and a 15-minute break, an additional 15-minute break at 12 continuous hours, and at least one fully trained technician on the premises whenever the pharmacy department is open; signed staffing reports and the permit holder's corrective-action records must be kept at least 3 years.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#de-2026-10-12"},{"state":"GA","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"O.C.G.A. 26-4-82(d)(2) and (f) as amended by HB 382 (Act 476, 2026 Ga. Laws, eff. 2026-07-01); Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 480-15-.03(e) and (f) (last amended filed 2023-02-08, eff. 2023-02-28, unconformed to HB 382)","note":"Georgia re-checked October 12, 2026 with no change for pharmacies. O.C.G.A. 26-4-82 as amended by HB 382 caps on-site technicians at four per pharmacist and does not count technicians working remotely, Board of Pharmacy rule 480-15-.03(e) still requires at least one certified technician to staff three and at least two to staff four, and pharmacy interns and externs sit outside the four-technician cap. The Board's only new statement this week concerns emergency prescription refills during the hurricane state of emergency and does not affect staffing.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ga-2026-10-12"},{"state":"HI","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"HAR ch. 16-95 (am and comp eff. 2016-08-15), esp. 16-95-79, 16-95-80, 16-95-85, 16-95-86, 16-95-93; HRS 461-9, 461-9.5 (registered pharmacy technicians; Act 93, SLH 2025, from 2026-01-01)","note":"Hawaii sets no numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise, no maximum shift length, no required rest period or meal break for pharmacy staff, and no staffing-schedule record-keeping rule in its pharmacy statutes (HRS chapter 461) or Board of Pharmacy rules (HAR chapter 16-95). A pharmacist must \"immediately supervise\" interns and technicians, which HAR 16-95-2 defines as being physically present in the area where they are working, and since January 1, 2026 every pharmacy technician must hold a certificate of registration from the Board (HRS 461-9.5).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#hi-2026-10-12"},{"state":"KS","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"K.A.R. 68-5-16 (Ratio of pharmacy technicians to pharmacists), last amended eff. February 7, 2020; authority K.S.A. 65-1663(i); cited as the controlling ratio by L. 2026, ch. 95 (HB 2068), eff. April 30, 2026","note":"Kansas limits pharmacy technicians to four per pharmacist in any pharmacy, and separately provides that a pharmacist may not supervise at any time more than two pharmacy technicians who have not passed a certification examination approved by the Board (K.A.R. 68-5-16, last amended effective February 7, 2020). The Kansas Pharmacy Act and the Board's rules set no maximum shift length, minimum rest period, required break or consecutive-day limit for pharmacy staff; a 2026 law (HB 2068, effective April 30, 2026) lets pharmacies employ remote pharmacists, interns and technicians, applies the same K.A.R. 68-5-16 ratio to remote supervision, and requires pharmacies that use remote workers to keep their pharmacy-act records for five years.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ks-2026-10-12"},{"state":"KY","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"No numeric ratio: 201 KAR 2:045 (eff. 10-22-2025) and KRS 315.010(12),(21). Workplace-conditions hook: 201 KAR 2:450 § 2(3) (eff. 3-9-2023) incorporating KRS 337.355 and 337.365 (general lunch and rest periods)","note":"Kentucky sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio and no maximum shift length, minimum rest between shifts or limit on consecutive days for pharmacy staff. Pharmacy permit holders can be disciplined for failing to provide \"appropriate staffing, training, and appropriately requested rest and meal periods as permitted by KRS 337.355 and KRS 337.365\" (201 KAR 2:450 Section 2(3)), and Kentucky law gives employees a 10-minute rest period for each four hours worked (KRS 337.365) plus a reasonable lunch period (KRS 337.355).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ky-2026-10-12"},{"state":"LA","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, 907(A)(1) and 709(B) (combined 4-to-1 pool, 2-to-1 candidate sub-cap, 3-to-1 rotation-intern sub-cap; last amended LR 49:1558, Sept 2023); LAC 46:LIII.1107(C) (rest break after more than six hours, no stated length; last amended LR 50:34, Jan 2024); pending Board Regulatory Project 2025-454 (amends 907(B)(4) only; Notice LR 52:826; still at OLRP since 2026-07-24; NOT in the October 2026 Register queue)","note":"No change to Louisiana's staffing rules as of October 12, 2026. One pharmacist may still supervise up to 4 support people at a time, counting certified pharmacy technicians, technician candidates and pharmacy interns together, with no more than 2 candidates (La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, 907(A)(1) and 709(B)), and anyone credentialed by the Board still needs a rest break after more than six hours of practice (LAC 46:LIII.1107(C)). The Board's Project 2025-454, which updates Section 907's limits on sterile compounding by technician candidates but does not change the ratio, is not among the Board rules queued for the October 20, 2026 Louisiana Register, so it is not expected to take effect on that date. A separate Board rule queued for that issue lowers the experience a pharmacist needs to supervise a pharmacy intern from two years of licensure to one (LAC 46:LIII.705); it does not change the ratio.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#la-2026-10-12"},{"state":"MD","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"COMAR 10.34.34.03E(1) (technicians: \"direct supervision\", no ratio; .03 amended eff. 2024-11-11, 51:22 Md. R. 963) and COMAR 10.34.38.05 (interns: \"may not directly supervise more than two registered pharmacy interns at one time\"; chapter eff. 2015-07-01, 42:7 Md. R. 569)","note":"Maryland sets no numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise; a registered technician must work under the direct supervision of a licensed pharmacist who is physically available onsite (COMAR 10.34.34.03E(1) and .02B(4)). The Board's rules do limit how many pharmacy interns one pharmacist may directly supervise at one time (COMAR 10.34.38.05), and no pharmacy-specific maximum shift length, rest period or required meal break for pharmacy staff was found in the Board's regulations.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#md-2026-10-12"},{"state":"ME","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"02-392 CMR ch. 7 § 7-A (Limitation on Deployment of Pharmacy Technicians; chapter amended eff. 2025-01-01) and § 4(2) (direct supervision); 32 MRS § 13702-A(25); 02-392 CMR ch. 24 §§ 4-5 (records)","note":"Maine sets no numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians a pharmacist may supervise; instead the Board's technician rule requires the pharmacy to ensure that \"the number of pharmacy technicians on duty can be satisfactorily supervised by the pharmacist in charge and the pharmacists on duty\" (02-392 CMR ch. 7, § 7-A). We found no Maine pharmacy rule setting a maximum shift length, a minimum rest between shifts or a required meal break for pharmacy staff; Maine's general meal-break law (26 MRSA § 601) applies to pharmacy employees like other workers.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#me-2026-10-12"},{"state":"MO","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"No general ratio: 20 CSR 2220-2.710 (direct supervision, eff. 8-30-2020), 20 CSR 2220-2.010(1)(A),(C) and 2.090(1)(D) (staffing and working conditions), NEW 20 CSR 2220-2.197 (pharmacist temporary absence, adopted 51 MoReg 897, eff. 8-30-2026); narrow numeric caps only in 2.012(2)(C) (technology-assisted verification), 2.680(4)(D), 2.910(4)(B)","note":"Missouri sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio and no maximum shift length, minimum rest between shifts, required break or limit on consecutive days for pharmacy staff. Pharmacies must provide \"adequate staffing and resources\" to safely provide services (20 CSR 2220-2.010(1)(C)), must have policies for regularly reviewing staffing needs with the pharmacist-in-charge (20 CSR 2220-2.090(1)(D)), and, under a rule effective August 30, 2026, may authorize technician dispensing while a pharmacist is temporarily absent for no more than 60 minutes in a rolling 12-hour period (20 CSR 2220-2.197).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#mo-2026-10-12"},{"state":"MS","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"Miss. Admin. Code tit. 30, pt. 3001, art. XL § 4.D (three technicians; art. XL last amended eff. 2021-12-30) and art. VIII § 1.C(5) (same three, \"Externs/Interns are not included\"); statutory definitions Miss. Code Ann. § 73-21-73 (Act in force, repealer extended to 2029-07-01)","note":"Mississippi allows a pharmacist to supervise no more than three pharmacy technicians at one time, and externs and interns are not included in that count (Miss. Admin. Code tit. 30, pt. 3001, art. VIII, § 1.C(5) and art. XL, § 4.D). Mississippi pharmacy law sets no maximum shift length, no minimum rest between shifts and no required meal or rest break; it does require the pharmacist-in-charge to be on site at least 20 hours a week or half the pharmacy's open hours and to keep a record of those hours for the Board (art. VII, § 1.B(6)).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ms-2026-10-12"},{"state":"NC","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c) and (e) (history line 2001-375, s. 2; 2013-379, s. 2; 2025-25, s. 29(6)); 21 NCAC 46 .2512 (Eff. April 1, 2007; reaffirmed Eff. October 3, 2017); 21 NCAC 46 .1503(c) (Amended Eff. May 1, 2022); G.S. 150B-21.3A periodic review of 21 NCAC 46 (report dated 2025-07-08; RRC readoption date 2031-05-01)","note":"North Carolina's pharmacy staffing rules are unchanged as of October 12, 2026. A pharmacist may supervise no more than two pharmacy technicians unless the pharmacist-manager holds written Board of Pharmacy approval for more, and any technician above two must be certified (N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c)); students enrolled in a Board-approved school of pharmacy are outside that limit. The Board's rules, including its pharmacist work-conditions rule (21 NCAC 46 .2512), are scheduled for routine readoption by May 1, 2031, and no change to them has been proposed.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nc-2026-10-12"},{"state":"NE","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 38-2866.01 (as amended by Laws 2026, LB912, § 21, operative 2026-04-15); 175 NAC 8-006.01(A) and 8-004.01 (eff. 11-03-2020)","note":"Nebraska lets one pharmacist supervise any combination of pharmacy technicians and pharmacist interns at any time up to a total of four people, and when a pharmacist supervises four pharmacy technicians at least one must be a certified pharmacy technician (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 38-2866.01, as amended effective April 15, 2026). The Pharmacy Practice Act and the Department's pharmacy rules set no maximum shift length, minimum rest period, required break or consecutive-day limit; a pharmacy must employ \"a sufficient number of licensed pharmacists to safely meet the needs of the individuals seeking services at the pharmacy\" (175 NAC 8-006.01(A)) and must file an annual Pharmacy Quality Assurance Report listing its pharmacists, interns and technicians (175 NAC 8-004.01).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ne-2026-10-12"},{"state":"NJ","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"N.J.S.A. 45:14-80(d)-(g) (L.2003, c.280, s.41; never amended, per the Legislature's own compilation updated through P.L.2026, c.30); N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15(d)-(f) (last amended R.2013 d.098, eff. 2013-08-05; mirror only)","note":"New Jersey's pharmacy technician limits are unchanged as of October 12, 2026. The State's own statute, N.J.S.A. 45:14-80, still provides that a pharmacist may supervise no more than 2 pharmacy technicians unless the pharmacy meets the conditions for a higher ratio: each technician must hold a qualifying credential (the national certification exam, a Board-approved certification program, or a Board-approved program with a testing component), and the pharmacy must keep written job descriptions and task protocols, document in-service training, provide immediate personal supervision, and maintain a technician policy-and-procedure manual reviewed at least every two years. The statute has not been amended since it was enacted in 2003, and the Board rule that carries the same limits, N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15, has not been amended since 2013.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nj-2026-10-12"},{"state":"NM","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"16.19.22.10 NMAC (ratio left to the pharmacist-in-charge; Board reserves the right to impose one; last amended 6/29/2013), 16.19.22.16(C)(4) NMAC (vaccine-administration limit, eff. 11/30/2021), 16.19.27.7(B)(17)-(20) NMAC (facility duty to provide a work environment with sufficient staffing; workload and fatigue)","note":"New Mexico does not set a general pharmacist-to-technician ratio: 16.19.22.10 NMAC leaves the permissible ratio of technicians to pharmacists on duty to the pharmacist-in-charge and reserves the Board's right to impose one. The only numeric supervision limit is for vaccines: a pharmacist may not supervise more than two technicians administering vaccines in a pharmacy setting, or more than six when dedicated to vaccination (16.19.22.16(C)(4)). The Board's rules set no maximum shift length, required rest period, meal or rest break, or limit on consecutive days worked for pharmacy staff, but they do make it dishonorable conduct for a pharmacy business to fail to provide a work environment, including sufficient staffing to prevent fatigue and distraction, that lets pharmacists perform their duties (16.19.27.7(B)(18)). The Board has noticed a rule hearing for October 22, 2026 on technician product-verification changes to 16.19.22 NMAC.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nm-2026-10-12"},{"state":"NY","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"N.Y. Educ. Law 6841(4) (most recent revision 2025-11-28); 8 NYCRR 29.7(a)(21)(ii); 8 NYCRR 63.2(a)(3)-(4). Non-ratio items: 8 NYCRR 63.6(a)(8) ADOPTED (EDU-42-25-00013-A, eff. 2026-07-29); 8 NYCRR 63.8/63.18 ADOPTED (EDU-22-26-00018-A, eff. 2026-09-30); 8 NYCRR 63.9 PROPOSED (EDU-39-26-00029-P, State Register 2026-09-30, anticipated eff. 2027-01-27). PENDING: S5625 (2025-2026), no vote.","note":"No change to New York's staffing limits. A pharmacist may have no more than four support people assisting at one time, no more than two of whom may be registered pharmacy technicians performing licensed technician tasks, and pharmacy interns remain exempt from that count while still requiring pharmacist supervision (N.Y. Education Law 6841(4); 8 NYCRR 29.7(a)(21)). Separately, the Education Department finalized its shared pharmacy services rule (8 NYCRR 63.8 and 63.18, effective September 30, 2026) and proposed conforming immunization changes to 8 NYCRR 63.9; neither changes who may assist a pharmacist or how many.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ny-2026-10-12"},{"state":"OH","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"OAC 4729:5-5-02.2 (eff. 5/1/2024), paragraphs (A)-(E); Ohio Board of Pharmacy \"Outpatient Pharmacy Minimum Standards\" FAQ (Updated 5/1/2024). Ohio has NO pharmacist-to-technician ratio.","note":"Ohio's pharmacy workload rules are unchanged as of October 12, 2026. Ohio sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Under OAC 4729:5-5-02.2 an outpatient pharmacy may not require pharmacy personnel to work more than 13 hours in a workday, must allow at least 8 hours off between consecutive shifts, and must allow anyone working more than six continuous hours a 30-minute uninterrupted rest break. The Board of Pharmacy has no pending proposal to change these rules.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#oh-2026-10-12"},{"state":"OK","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"59 O.S. 353.18A(C) (retail 4 per licensed pharmacist, eff. 2025-11-01 by SB 906); OAC 535:15-13-5(c)-(d) (retail rule, 4, interns do not affect the ratio); OAC 535:10-5-4(a)(1)-(4) and 535:10-5-8(3) (one intern per preceptor at a time; up to two with a faculty preceptor in experiential rotations); all re-read 2026-10-12 from the Board's compiled law book \"effective as of July 11, 2026\"","note":"Oklahoma's limit is unchanged as of October 12, 2026: a retail pharmacy may have no more than four pharmacy technicians for every licensed pharmacist under 59 O.S. Section 353.18A(C) and OAC 535:15-13-5(c), pharmacy interns do not affect that ratio, and the Oklahoma State Board of Pharmacy lists no proposed rule changes.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ok-2026-10-12"},{"state":"OR","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"OAR 855-041-1010(5) (working environment: sufficient personnel, uninterrupted rest and meal breaks; BP 7-2023 eff. 2023-02-14, BP 34-2023 eff. 2024-03-01); OAR 855-115-0122 (technicians: no fixed number, reasonable professional judgment; interns: no more than four in direct patient care; BP 31-2023 eff. 2024-03-01); former OAR 855-025-0025 and 855-025-0035 repealed eff. 2024-02-29 (BP 8-2024)","note":"Oregon does not set a numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians a pharmacist may supervise; the pharmacist decides using reasonable professional judgment (OAR 855-115-0122). Oregon also sets no maximum shift length or fixed break schedule, but a pharmacy must provide sufficient personnel to prevent fatigue and appropriate opportunities for uninterrupted rest periods and meal breaks, and can be disciplined for failing to (OAR 855-041-1010 and 855-041-1170).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#or-2026-10-12"},{"state":"SC","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"S.C. Code Ann. § 40-43-86(B)(4)(b) [community/retail: 4 technicians total per pharmacist, at most 2 non-state-certified, clerical-only staff excluded] & § 40-43-86(B)(4)(c) [institutional 1:3 employment ratio, deliberately not modelled]; § 40-43-30(48) [technician excludes interns/externs]; § 40-43-84(C) [one intern per pharmacist]","note":"South Carolina's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged as of October 12, 2026: under S.C. Code Ann. 40-43-86(B)(4)(b) one pharmacist may supervise at most 4 pharmacy technicians at a time in a community or retail pharmacy, no more than 2 of them non-state-certified, and staff doing only clerical work are not counted. The Board met again on October 8 about compounding and collaborative practice regulations, which do not change these numbers.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#sc-2026-10-12"},{"state":"SD","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"ARSD 20:51:29:19 (Ratio), amended eff. 2025-09-15 (52 SDR 27); exception at ARSD 20:51:29:19.02; intern limit at ARSD 20:51:02:11.01; Board waiver process ARSD 20:51:14:05 to :07 (53 SDR 13, eff. 2026-08-16)","note":"South Dakota allows up to three registered pharmacy technicians on duty for every pharmacist on duty, and a pharmacy intern does not count in that ratio (ARSD 20:51:29:19); hospital, mail order and long-term care pharmacies are excepted and set their ratio through the pharmacist-in-charge under conditions (ARSD 20:51:29:19.02). South Dakota pharmacy rules set no maximum shift length, no minimum rest between shifts and no required meal or rest break.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#sd-2026-10-12"},{"state":"VT","date":"2026-10-12","citation":"Administrative Rules of the Vermont Board of Pharmacy, eff. 2026-02-01 (rulemaking 25P001), Rule 8-9(a)-(b) (breaks; staffing and technology), Rule 1-6 (\"Break\"); 26 V.S.A. § 2053(a)(3)-(4) (added 2021, No. 69, § 5); no ratio in 26 V.S.A. ch. 36 or in the 2026 rules","note":"Vermont sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio in its pharmacy statute or in the Board of Pharmacy rules effective February 1, 2026. Rule 8-9 requires a pharmacy to ensure that any pharmacist, technician, trainee or intern working 8 or more hours takes at least one 30-minute and one 15-minute break, requires a pharmacy staffed by a single pharmacist to close for that pharmacist's 30-minute break, and requires the pharmacy to employ staff sufficient for safe practice and to give staff a way to report staffing concerns without retaliation.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#vt-2026-10-12"},{"state":"AL","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"Ala. Admin. Code r. 680-X-2-.14(5) (in force; current compiled version eff. 2026-04-13); amendment to (10)(b)-(c) only, certified 2026-09-17 and noticed as certified-adopted in the Alabama Administrative Monthly Vol. XLIV No. 12 (2026-09-30), effective 2026-11-14","note":"Alabama's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged as of October 5, 2026: two technicians per pharmacist when none are certified, three when at least one is certified, and four when at least two are certified, with four as the hard ceiling, under rule 680-X-2-.14(5). The amendment published on September 30, 2026 takes effect November 14, 2026 and only corrects a statutory reference in paragraph (10).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#al-2026-10-05"},{"state":"AR","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"17 CAR 160-907 (as rewritten by Ark. R. 2025-15, eff. 2025-10-10), unchanged; History line read 2026-10-05 from the official Code of Arkansas Rules","note":"Arkansas's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged as of October 5, 2026. 17 CAR 160-907 still lets each pharmacist on duty use up to four support staff, counting pharmacy technicians, licensed interns and externs together, while interns on an assigned college rotation, graduate interns, clerks, secretaries, messengers and delivery staff stay outside the count. No amendment has been filed since the rule was rewritten effective October 10, 2025, and none is pending.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ar-2026-10-05"},{"state":"CA","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"BPC 4115(g)(1) (as amended by AB 1503, Ch. 196, Stats. 2025, Sec. 36, eff. 2026-01-01)","note":"California's pharmacy technician ratio is unchanged as of October 5, 2026. Business and Professions Code 4115, as amended by AB 1503 effective January 1, 2026, allows 3 pharmacy technicians for the first pharmacist on duty plus 3 more for each additional pharmacist. The Board of Pharmacy has no pending regulation on the ratio, and the Pharmacy Technician Advisory Committee created by AB 1503 has not yet met.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ca-2026-10-05"},{"state":"CO","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"C.R.S. 12-280-122(1) (2026 C.R.S., current through the 2026 Second Regular Session; (1) last amended by SB 23-162, eff. 2023-08-07; (5) added by HB 26-1336, eff. 2026-08-12); 3 CCR 719-1 (current version eff. 08/21/2026); eDocket 2026-00396 ADOPTED 2026-10-01, AG opinion requested 2026-10-01, effective date not yet set","note":"Colorado's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged as of October 5, 2026: up to 6 pharmacy technicians and interns combined per pharmacist, no more than 2 of them interns, with a certified majority required once 3 or more technicians are on duty, under C.R.S. 12-280-122(1). On October 1, 2026 the State Board of Pharmacy adopted rules letting trained technicians and interns perform final product verification on most non-controlled prescriptions under HB 26-1336; those rules do not change the ratio and take effect after state review and publication.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#co-2026-10-05"},{"state":"GA","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"O.C.G.A. 26-4-82(d)(2) and (f) as amended by HB 382 (Act 476, 2026 Ga. Laws, eff. 2026-07-01); Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 480-15-.03(e) (last amended filed 2023-02-08, eff. 2023-02-28, unconformed to HB 382)","note":"Georgia re-checked October 5, 2026 with no change for pharmacies. O.C.G.A. 26-4-82 as amended by HB 382 caps on-site technicians at four per pharmacist and does not count technicians working remotely, and Board of Pharmacy rule 480-15-.03(e) still requires at least one certified technician to staff three and at least two to staff four. The Board has not published any guidance on how the 2026 intern and extern limit relates to the technician ratio.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ga-2026-10-05"},{"state":"IL","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"225 ILCS 85/15.1 \"Pharmacy working conditions\" (added by P.A. 101-621, eff. 2020-01-01; last amended by P.A. 103-240, eff. 2024-01-01). No pharmacist-to-technician ratio exists in 225 ILCS 85 or in 68 Ill. Adm. Code Part 1330 (Part last amended at 50 Ill. Reg. 610, eff. 2025-12-30).","note":"No change to Illinois pharmacy hours or staffing law as of October 5, 2026. Illinois sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio, and under 225 ILCS 85/15.1 a pharmacy may not require a pharmacist, student pharmacist or pharmacy technician to work more than 12 continuous hours a day including breaks, while a pharmacist who works 6 continuous hours or more must be allowed a 30-minute meal break and a 15-minute break, with one more 15-minute break at 12 hours. None of the laws passed by the General Assembly in 2025 and 2026 changes these limits.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#il-2026-10-05"},{"state":"LA","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, 907(A)(1) and 709(B) (combined 4-to-1 pool, 2-to-1 candidate sub-cap, 3-to-1 rotation-intern sub-cap; last amended LR 49:1558, Sept 2023); LAC 46:LIII.1107(C) (rest break after more than six hours, no stated length; last amended LR 50:34, Jan 2024); pending Board Regulatory Project 2025-454 (amends 907(B)(4) only; Notice LR 52:826; at OLRP since 2026-07-24; no Rule published through the Sept 20, 2026 Register; Board's anticipated effective date 2026-10-20)","note":"No change to Louisiana's staffing rules as of October 5, 2026. One pharmacist may still supervise up to 4 support people at a time, counting certified pharmacy technicians, technician candidates and pharmacy interns together, with no more than 2 candidates (La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, 907(A)(1) and 709(B)), and anyone credentialed by the Board still needs a rest break after more than six hours of practice (LAC 46:LIII.1107(C)). The Board's pending Project 2025-454, which updates Section 907's limits on sterile compounding by technician candidates but does not change the ratio, has not yet been published as a final rule; the Board expects it to take effect October 20, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#la-2026-10-05"},{"state":"MA","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"247 CMR 8.06(3) (supervisory ratios), 247 CMR 8.01(16) (two interns per preceptor) and 247 CMR 8.04(3)(c) (lapsed certification), last amended by Mass. Register Issue 1540 (EMERGENCY) and Issue 1546 (COMPLIANCE), both eff. 2025-01-09; 247 CMR 9.01(17) (12 hours in a 24-hour period, 8 consecutive hours' rest), Mass. Register Issue 1536, eff. 2024-12-06; Board Policy 2026-02 (adopted 2026-09-03, supersedes Policy 2024-03)","note":"Massachusetts has not changed its pharmacy staffing rules. A pharmacist may supervise up to 4 support personnel when at least two are certified pharmacy technicians or pharmacy interns (or one of each), up to 3 when at least one is, and a pharmacist preceptor may supervise no more than two pharmacy interns at a time (247 CMR 8.06(3), 8.01(16)). Board Policy 2026-02, adopted September 3, 2026, remains the Board's current guidance on ratios, including the higher limit for pharmacies providing vaccination services. The 12-hour limit in any 24-hour period, with eight consecutive hours of rest before returning, is unchanged (247 CMR 9.01(17)).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ma-2026-10-05"},{"state":"MN","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"Minn. Stat. 151.102, subd. 1 (History unchanged, ends 2015 c 71 art 10 s 33) controls the ratio; Minn. R. 6800.3850 subp. 6 (published 2017-08-21, superseded 2:1) unchanged and still on the Board's August 2026 rulemaking-intention list; Minn. R. 6800.2160 (published 2017-06-05) unchanged, subp. 2.A break trigger reads \"longer than six continuous hours\"","note":"Minnesota's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged as of October 5, 2026: under Minn. Stat. 151.102, subd. 1 a pharmacist may supervise up to three technicians, and the pharmacy may have one more on duty when at least one technician holds a national certification. The Board of Pharmacy is discussing technician ratios, with \"technician ratio solutions\" on its October 7, 2026 agenda and a task force recommendation to eliminate the ratio or raise it to 1 to 6, but no rule change has been formally proposed, and the statute's limit of three would still apply to most pharmacy work unless the Legislature changed it. Minn. R. 6800.2160 is unchanged: no required shift over 12 continuous hours including breaks, and a 30-minute break for anyone working longer than six continuous hours.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#mn-2026-10-05"},{"state":"NC","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c) and (e) (history line 2001-375, s. 2; 2013-379, s. 2; 2025-25, s. 29(6)); N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.3(q2) (history line ends 2025-37, ss. 5.1(a), 7.1(c), neither touching (q2)); 21 NCAC 46 .1503(c) (Amended Eff. May 1, 2022); 21 NCAC 46 .2512 (Eff. April 1, 2007; reaffirmed Eff. October 3, 2017)","note":"North Carolina's pharmacy staffing rules are unchanged as of October 5, 2026. A pharmacist may supervise no more than two pharmacy technicians unless the pharmacist-manager holds written Board of Pharmacy approval for more, and any technician above two must be certified (N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c)); students enrolled in a Board-approved school of pharmacy are outside that limit. A pharmacy may not require a pharmacist to work longer than 12 continuous hours in a work day, and a pharmacist working longer than six continuous hours must be allowed a 30-minute meal break and one additional 15-minute break (21 NCAC 46 .2512).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nc-2026-10-05"},{"state":"ND","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"N.D. Admin. Code 61-02-07.1-04 (Ratio of pharmacists to pharmacy technicians; 4 retail and hospital, 5 closed-door; History \"Effective October 1, 1993; amended effective January 1, 2005; October 1, 2019\"); telepharmacy exception N.D. Admin. Code 61-02-08-04(1)(c); both re-read 2026-10-05 from the Legislative Branch chapter PDFs","note":"North Dakota's limit is unchanged: under N.D. Admin. Code section 61-02-07.1-04 a pharmacist may supervise no more than four pharmacy technicians in a retail or hospital pharmacy and no more than five in a closed-door pharmacy that does not deal directly with patients, pharmacy interns and other supportive personnel are not counted, and the Board of Pharmacy reports no proposed rule changes.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nd-2026-10-05"},{"state":"NJ","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15(d), (e), (f) (last amended R.2013 d.098, eff. 2013-08-05); enabling statute N.J.S.A. 45:14-80(d), (e)","note":"New Jersey's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged as of October 5, 2026. Under N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15 a pharmacist may supervise up to 2 pharmacy technicians in any mix. To go above 2 there is no stated numeric ceiling, but every technician on duty must hold a qualifying credential (passing the PTCB exam, a Board-approved certification program, or a Board-approved employer training program with a testing component) and the pharmacy must meet the rule's other conditions: written job descriptions and task protocols, a technician policy-and-procedure manual reviewed at least every two years, documented in-service training, and immediate personal supervision. Technicians in their first 210 days of in-service training are not counted toward the base of 2, and a pharmacist may supervise no more than 2 trainees at once. The rule has not been amended since 2013 and no change has been found pending.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nj-2026-10-05"},{"state":"NV","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"NAC 639.250(2) (current law; LCB source note ends \"R002-19, 10-30-2019\"); LCB File No. R072-25 (PROPOSED, only I and P documents on the register; tabled 2026-06-04, NOT adopted; the Board's own tracking log updated 2026-09-30 still reads \"Tabled to be heard at a future BM\")","note":"Nevada's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged. Under NAC 639.250, re-read on October 5, 2026 from the Legislative Counsel Bureau's official Nevada Administrative Code, one pharmacist in a retail pharmacy may supervise up to 3 pharmacy technicians, or 1 technician plus 2 technicians in training, at one time. Proposed rule R072-25 remains unadopted: the Board's own regulation log, updated September 30, 2026, still lists it as tabled since June 4, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nv-2026-10-05"},{"state":"NY","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"N.Y. Educ. Law 6841(4) (most recent revision 2025-11-28); 8 NYCRR 29.7(a)(21)(ii) (as amended eff. 2026-04-29); 8 NYCRR 63.2(a)(3)-(4). Non-ratio items carried: 8 NYCRR 63.6(a)(8) (prescription transfers, amended text live; permanent adoption scheduled eff. 2026-07-29, unconfirmed); 8 NYCRR 63.8/63.18 (shared pharmacy services, eff. 2026-05-22; revision EDU-22-26-00018, emergency expiring 2026-10-15); 8 NYCRR 63.9 (immunizations, proposed under L. 2026 ch. 115, notice planned for the 2026-09-30 State Register). PENDING: S5625 (2025-2026), no vote.","note":"No change to New York's staffing limits. A pharmacist may have no more than four support people assisting at one time, no more than two of whom may be registered pharmacy technicians performing licensed technician tasks, and pharmacy interns remain exempt from that count while still requiring pharmacist supervision (N.Y. Education Law 6841(4); 8 NYCRR 29.7(a)(21)). A pending Senate bill that would require a second pharmacist at high-volume pharmacies (S5625) has not advanced.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ny-2026-10-05"},{"state":"OH","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"OAC 4729:5-5-02.2 (eff. 5/1/2024, five-year review 5/1/2029), paragraphs (A)-(E); Ohio Board of Pharmacy \"Outpatient Pharmacy Minimum Standards\" FAQ (Updated 5/1/2024), A6-A12. Ohio has NO pharmacist-to-technician ratio.","note":"Ohio's pharmacy workload rules are unchanged as of October 5, 2026. Ohio sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Under OAC 4729:5-5-02.2 an outpatient pharmacy may not require pharmacy personnel to work more than 13 hours in a workday, must allow at least 8 hours off between consecutive shifts, and must allow anyone working more than six continuous hours a 30-minute uninterrupted rest break. Only pharmacists may volunteer to work past 13 hours, and the pharmacy must document the extra time and the reason and keep that record for three years.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#oh-2026-10-05"},{"state":"OK","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"59 O.S. 353.18A(C) (retail 4 per licensed pharmacist, eff. 2025-11-01 by SB 906); OAC 535:15-13-5(c)-(d) (retail rule, 4, interns do not affect the ratio); OAC 535:15-5-7.2(e)-(f) (hospital, 4); OAC 535:10-5-4(a)(1)-(4) and 535:10-5-8(3) (one intern per preceptor at a time; up to two with a faculty preceptor in experiential rotations); all re-read 2026-10-05 from the Board's compiled law book \"effective as of July 11, 2026\"","note":"Oklahoma's limit is unchanged: a retail pharmacy may have no more than four pharmacy technicians for every licensed pharmacist under 59 O.S. Section 353.18A(C) and OAC 535:15-13-5(c), pharmacy interns do not affect that ratio, and the Oklahoma State Board of Pharmacy lists no proposed rule changes.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ok-2026-10-05"},{"state":"SC","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"S.C. Code Ann. § 40-43-86(B)(4)(b) [community/retail: 4 technicians total per pharmacist, at most 2 non-state-certified, clerical-only staff excluded] & § 40-43-86(B)(4)(c) [institutional 1:3 employment ratio, deliberately not modelled]; § 40-43-30(48) [technician excludes interns/externs]; § 40-43-84(C) [one intern per pharmacist]; § 40-43-86(R)(5)","note":"South Carolina's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged as of October 5, 2026. Under S.C. Code Ann. 40-43-86(B)(4)(b), one pharmacist may supervise at most 4 pharmacy technicians at a time in a community or retail pharmacy, and no more than 2 of those may be non-state-certified; staff doing only clerical work, including data entry up to the point of dispensing, are not counted. Pharmacy interns are not technicians under Section 40-43-30(48), and a pharmacist may supervise only one intern at a time. Institutional pharmacies serving facility in-patients follow a separate 1-to-3 employment ratio. The Board is working on new compounding and collaborative practice regulations, which do not change these numbers.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#sc-2026-10-05"},{"state":"TN","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-02-.02(7)(a)-(b) (6:1 non-certified cap; certified technicians beyond 6:1 permitted; Board-approved modification) and 1140-02-.02(12) (a pharmacy intern is not a pharmacy technician). Official chapter 1140-02, October 2025 (Revised); last amendment filed July 18, 2025, effective October 16, 2025","note":"Tennessee's technician ratio is unchanged and was re-confirmed against the Secretary of State's official text on October 5, 2026. Under Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-02-.02(7)(a) a pharmacist may supervise up to 6 pharmacy technicians, and technicians beyond that 6:1 ratio are permitted when they are certified pharmacy technicians. Paragraph (12) states that a pharmacy intern is not considered a pharmacy technician. The Board's 2026 rulemaking has concerned compounding, not the technician ratio.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#tn-2026-10-05"},{"state":"TX","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"22 Tex. Admin. Code 291.32(d)(3)(A) (Class A community pharmacy; 1:6 with a 3-trainee sublimit; section last amended eff. 2025-05-28), with 22 TAC 283.5(b)(5) holding pharmacist-interns outside the ratio (last amended eff. 2020-12-10)","note":"No change in Texas as of October 5, 2026. One on-site pharmacist may still supervise up to 6 pharmacy technicians and technician trainees, with no more than 3 of them trainees, under Texas State Board of Pharmacy rule 22 TAC 291.32(d)(3)(A), and pharmacist-interns are still not counted in that ratio under 22 TAC 283.5(b)(5). Neither rule has been amended in the past year, and no change to either is proposed.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#tx-2026-10-05"},{"state":"VA","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"18VAC110-20-112(A) (Historical Notes \"Derived from Virginia Register Volume 36, Issue 6, eff. December 11, 2019\", re-read 2026-10-05); 18VAC110-20-110(B) (hours; last amended Vol. 41 Iss. 25, eff. 2025-08-27); Board Guidance Document 110-33 (masthead \"Revised: December 10, 2025\", effective 2026-03-26); emergency 18VAC110-20-276(G) and -277(D) (Town Hall Action 6505, eff. 2025-06-16, extended to 2027-06-14); permanent Proposed stage 10906 submitted to the Registrar 2026-09-29, publication scheduled 2026-10-19 (Vol. 43 Iss. 5), hearing 2026-12-08, comment 2026-10-19 to 2026-12-18","note":"Virginia's limit is unchanged: under 18VAC110-20-112(A) no pharmacist may supervise more than four persons performing the duties of a pharmacy technician at one time, and Board Guidance 110-33 counts interns acting as technicians but not an intern gaining required practical-experience hours. The Board's permanent rule for remote database access and central fill pharmacies, which would allow larger numbers only in those settings, is scheduled for publication in the Virginia Register on October 19, 2026, with a public hearing on December 8, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#va-2026-10-05"},{"state":"WV","date":"2026-10-05","citation":"W. Va. C.S.R. 15-7-5.3 (15CSR7 Final File filed 2026-05-04, eff. 2026-07-01); W. Va. C.S.R. 15-15-8 (15CSR15 Final File filed 2026-05-04, eff. 2026-07-01, the Active version), both read verbatim 2026-10-05 from the Secretary of State","note":"West Virginia's pharmacy staffing rules are unchanged as of October 5, 2026. W. Va. C.S.R. 15-7-5.3 allows no more than six pharmacy technicians and technician trainees combined for each pharmacist on duty, with pharmacy interns outside that six. W. Va. C.S.R. 15-15-8 limits a pharmacist, pharmacy intern or pharmacy technician to 12 continuous hours in a 24-hour period including breaks, with a 30-minute meal break for a shift of eight continuous hours or longer and an additional 20 minutes at twelve. A pending amendment to the permits rule concerns alternate delivery of completed prescriptions and does not change these limits.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#wv-2026-10-05"},{"state":"AL","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"Ala. Admin. Code r. 680-X-2-.14(5) (in force, current version eff. 2026-04-13 per the official compilation); amendment to (10)(b)-(c) only, adopted without changes 2026-09-16, certified and filed with the Legislative Services Agency 2026-09-17, effective 2026-11-14","note":"Alabama's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is not changing. The Board of Pharmacy's certified amendment to rule 680-X-2-.14, adopted September 16, 2026 and effective November 14, 2026, changes only a statutory reference in paragraph (10). The rule still allows two technicians per pharmacist when none are certified, three when at least one is certified, and four when at least two are certified, with four as the hard ceiling, in both retail and institutional pharmacies.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#al-2026-09-28"},{"state":"CA","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"BPC 4115(g)(1) (as amended by AB 1503, Ch. 196, Stats. 2025, Sec. 36, eff. 2026-01-01)","note":"California's pharmacy technician ratio is unchanged. Business and Professions Code 4115, as amended by AB 1503 effective January 1, 2026, allows 3 pharmacy technicians for the first pharmacist on duty plus 3 more for each additional pharmacist. The Board of Pharmacy's September 17, 2026 meeting did not take up the ratio. The Pharmacy Technician Advisory Committee that AB 1503 created is still being formed: the Board has received applications but the committee has not yet met.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ca-2026-09-28"},{"state":"CO","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"C.R.S. 12-280-122(1) (2026 C.R.S., current through the 2026 Second Regular Session; (1) last amended by SB 23-162, eff. 2023-08-07; (5) added by HB 26-1336, Ch. 236, eff. 2026-08-12); 3 CCR 719-1 (current version eff. 08/21/2026, non-substantive correction 2026-00336); eDocket 2026-00396 hearing 2026-10-01 09:00 MDT, no continuance","note":"Colorado's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged as of September 28, 2026: up to 6 pharmacy technicians and interns combined per pharmacist, no more than 2 of them interns, with a certified majority required once 3 or more technicians are on duty, under C.R.S. 12-280-122(1) as published in the 2026 Colorado Revised Statutes. A 2026 law (HB 26-1336) added new rules on final product verification to the same section but did not change the ratio, and the State Board of Pharmacy's public hearing on its implementing rules is still set for October 1, 2026 at 9:00 a.m. Mountain time.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#co-2026-09-28"},{"state":"GA","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"O.C.G.A. 26-4-82 as amended by HB 382 (Act 476, 2026 Ga. Laws, eff. 2026-07-01); Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 480-15-.03(e) (last amended filed 2023-02-08, eff. 2023-02-28, still unconformed)","note":"Georgia re-checked September 28, 2026 with no change for pharmacies. Board of Pharmacy rule 480-15-.03(e) still requires at least one certified technician on duty to staff three technicians, and at least two to staff four, even though HB 382 (Act 476) removed those tiers from O.C.G.A. 26-4-82 effective July 1, 2026; the Board is still hearing requests to waive that rule, so it remains in force. The ceiling of four on-site technicians per pharmacist is unchanged, and remote technicians still do not count toward it. Some Board FAQ answers still describe the law as it stood before 2026, so rely on the statute and the rule.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ga-2026-09-28"},{"state":"IL","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"225 ILCS 85/15.1 \"Pharmacy working conditions\" (added by P.A. 101-621, eff. 2020-01-01; amended by P.A. 103-240, eff. 2024-01-01). No pharmacist-to-technician ratio exists in 225 ILCS 85 or in 68 Ill. Adm. Code Part 1330.","note":"No change to Illinois pharmacy hours or staffing law as of September 28, 2026. Illinois still sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio, and under 225 ILCS 85/15.1 a pharmacy may not require a pharmacist, student pharmacist or pharmacy technician to work more than 12 continuous hours a day including breaks, while a pharmacist who works 6 continuous hours or more must be allowed a 30-minute meal break plus a 15-minute break, with one more 15-minute break at 12 hours. Separately, a 2026 law (Senate Bill 3223, Public Act 104-0530) takes effect January 1, 2027 and requires every Illinois pharmacy to post a sign with a QR code near the counter and drive-up window telling patients how to sign up for FDA medication recall alerts. It does not change hours, breaks or staffing.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#il-2026-09-28"},{"state":"LA","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, 907(A)(1) and 709(B) (combined 4-to-1 pool, 2-to-1 candidate sub-cap, 3-to-1 rotation-intern sub-cap; last amended LR 49:1558, Sept 2023); LAC 46:LIII.1107(C) (rest break after more than six hours, no stated length; last amended LR 50:34, Jan 2024); pending Board Regulatory Project 2025-454 (amends 907(B)(4) only; Notice LR 52:826, no Rule published through the Sept 20, 2026 Register; anticipated eff. 2026-10-20)","note":"No change to Louisiana's staffing rules. One pharmacist may still supervise up to 4 support people at a time, counting certified pharmacy technicians, technician candidates and pharmacy interns together, with no more than 2 candidates (La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, 907(A)(1) and 709(B)), and anyone credentialed by the Board still needs a rest break after more than six hours of practice (LAC 46:LIII.1107(C)). A pending Board rulemaking, Project 2025-454, updates Section 907's limits on sterile compounding by technician candidates but does not change the ratio; it had not been published as a final rule as of the September 20, 2026 Louisiana Register, and the Board now expects it to take effect October 20, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#la-2026-09-28"},{"state":"MN","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"Minn. Stat. 151.102, subd. 1 (History unchanged, ends 2015 c 71 art 10 s 33) controls; Minn. R. 6800.3850 subp. 6 (published 2017-08-21, superseded 2:1) is on the Board's August 19, 2026 \"List 1\" rulemaking-intention draft, where the redline marks appear to strike the number \"two\" and the four 3:1 function exceptions while keeping the base-ratio sentence; Minn. R. 6800.2160 (published 2017-06-05) unchanged and not on the list","note":"Minnesota's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged as of September 28, 2026: under Minn. Stat. 151.102, subd. 1 a pharmacist may supervise up to three technicians, and the pharmacy as a whole may have one more on duty when at least one technician holds a valid national certification; registered pharmacist-interns do not count. In August 2026 the Board of Pharmacy placed its technician rule, Minn. R. 6800.3850, including the older 2-to-1 ratio text in subpart 6 that the statute has superseded, on a list of rules to discuss for possible future rulemaking. No rule change has been formally proposed. Minnesota's work-conditions rule, Minn. R. 6800.2160 (no required shift over 12 continuous hours including breaks, and a 30-minute break past six hours), is unchanged and is not on that list.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#mn-2026-09-28"},{"state":"NC","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c) and (e) (history line unchanged: 2001-375, s. 2; 2013-379, s. 2; 2025-25, s. 29(6)); N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.3(q2) (history line ends 2025-37, ss. 5.1(a), 7.1(c), neither of which amends (q2)); 21 NCAC 46 .1503(c) (last amended eff. 2022-05-01); 21 NCAC 46 .2512 (eff. 2007-04-01, reaffirmed eff. 2017-10-03, per the OAH compilation)","note":"North Carolina's staffing rules are unchanged as of September 28, 2026. A pharmacist may supervise no more than two pharmacy technicians unless the pharmacist-manager holds written approval from the Board of Pharmacy for a higher ratio (N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c)); the Board continues to grant such approvals case by case, including 1:6 for one pharmacy in July 2026. Students enrolled in a Board-approved school of pharmacy remain outside that limit; other registered pharmacy interns are not exempted by the statute. A pharmacy may not require a pharmacist to work longer than 12 continuous hours in a work day, and a pharmacist working longer than six continuous hours must be allowed a 30-minute meal break and one additional 15-minute break (21 NCAC 46 .2512).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nc-2026-09-28"},{"state":"ND","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"N.D. Admin. Code 61-02-07.1-04 (Ratio of pharmacists to pharmacy technicians; 4 retail and hospital, 5 closed-door; History \"Effective October 1, 1993; amended effective January 1, 2005; October 1, 2019\", read first-hand 2026-09-28 from the Legislative Branch chapter PDF)","note":"North Dakota's limit is unchanged: under N.D. Admin. Code section 61-02-07.1-04 a pharmacist may supervise no more than four pharmacy technicians in a retail or hospital pharmacy and no more than five in a closed-door pharmacy that does not deal directly with patients, and the rule states that the ratio \"does not include other supportive personnel or interns\". The Board of Pharmacy reports that no rule changes are being proposed at this time.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nd-2026-09-28"},{"state":"NV","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"NAC 639.250(2) (current law, last amended by R002-19A eff. 2019-10-22); LCB File No. R072-25 (PROPOSED, only I and P documents on file; tabled 2026-06-04, NOT adopted, not on the October 14-15, 2026 agenda)","note":"Nevada's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged. Under NAC 639.250 one pharmacist may supervise up to 3 pharmacy technicians, or 1 technician plus 2 technicians in training, at one time. Proposed rule R072-25 remains unadopted and does not appear on the Board's October 14-15, 2026 agenda. That agenda does include a general review of all Board regulations under Governor's Executive Order 2026-003, with recommendations due to the Governor by December 31, 2026; no specific change to the technician ratio has been proposed through it.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nv-2026-09-28"},{"state":"NY","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"N.Y. Educ. Law 6841(4) (four support persons, at most two registered pharmacy technicians, interns exempt; most recent revision 2025-11-28); 8 NYCRR 29.7(a)(21)(ii) (same limit as unprofessional conduct, as amended eff. 2026-04-29); 8 NYCRR 63.2(a)(3)-(4) (one full-time or two part-time interns per preceptor; one intern per 5,000 prescriptions). Non-ratio items in the window: 8 NYCRR 63.6(a)(8) (prescription transfers; in force by emergency since 2025-10-07, permanent adoption scheduled for July 2026 with eff. 2026-07-29, not confirmed); 8 NYCRR 63.8 amended / 63.18 added (shared pharmacy services, permanent, eff. 2026-05-22; later revision via EDU-22-26-00018-EP, emergency expiring 2026-10-15); 8 NYCRR 63.9 (pharmacist immunizations; proposed under L. 2026 ch. 115, State Register notice planned 2026-09-30, permanent adoption anticipated eff. 2027-01-27). PENDING: S5625 (2025-2026), no vote.","note":"No change to New York's staffing limits. A pharmacist may still have no more than four support people assisting at one time, no more than two of whom may be registered pharmacy technicians performing licensed technician tasks, and pharmacy interns remain exempt from that count (N.Y. Education Law 6841(4); 8 NYCRR 29.7(a)(21)). Other New York pharmacy rules have moved this year without touching those numbers. A patient's prescription can now be transferred to another pharmacy with all remaining refills, not one refill at a time (8 NYCRR 63.6(a)(8)). Shared pharmacy services rules took effect May 22, 2026 (8 NYCRR 63.8 and 63.18) and have since been revised. The State Education Department has also proposed updating the pharmacist immunization rule (8 NYCRR 63.9) to follow a 2026 state immunization law, with permanent adoption expected in January 2027.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ny-2026-09-28"},{"state":"OH","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"OAC 4729:5-5-02.2 (eff. 5/1/2024, FYR 5/1/2029), paragraphs (A) and (B); Board of Pharmacy \"Outpatient Pharmacy Minimum Standards\" FAQ (Updated 5/1/2024), Q6-Q12. Ohio has NO pharmacist-to-technician ratio.","note":"Ohio's pharmacy workload rules are unchanged as of September 28, 2026. Ohio sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Under OAC 4729:5-5-02.2 an outpatient pharmacy may not require pharmacy personnel to work longer than 13 hours in any workday, must allow at least 8 hours off between consecutive shifts, and must allow anyone working longer than six continuous hours a 30-minute uninterrupted rest break. The Board of Pharmacy's own guidance says the 13-hour limit counts actual hours worked, not on-call time, and that only pharmacists may volunteer to work past 13 hours, with the overage and reason documented and kept for three years.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#oh-2026-09-28"},{"state":"OK","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"59 O.S. 353.18A(C) (retail 4 per licensed pharmacist, eff. 2025-11-01 by SB 906); OAC 535:15-13-5(c)-(d) (retail rule, 4, interns do not affect the ratio); OAC 535:15-5-7.2(e)-(f) (hospital, 4); OAC 535:10-5-4(a)(1)-(4) and 535:10-5-8(3) (one intern per preceptor at a time; up to two with a faculty preceptor in experiential rotations); all read from the Board's own compiled law book \"effective as of July 11, 2026\"","note":"Oklahoma's limit is unchanged: a retail pharmacy may have no more than four pharmacy technicians for every licensed pharmacist under 59 O.S. Section 353.18A(C), and no rule changes are pending before the Oklahoma State Board of Pharmacy. Oklahoma's rules on pharmacy interns and their preceptors are separate from the technician ratio, so check the Board's current intern and preceptor requirements directly.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ok-2026-09-28"},{"state":"SC","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"S.C. Code Ann. § 40-43-86(B)(4)(b) [community/retail dual cap: 4 total per pharmacist, sub-cap of 2 non-state-certified] & § 40-43-86(B)(4)(c) [institutional 1:3 employment ratio, deliberately not modelled]; § 40-43-30(48) [technician excludes interns/externs]; § 40-43-84(C) [one intern per pharmacist]","note":"South Carolina's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged as of September 28, 2026. Under S.C. Code Ann. 40-43-86(B)(4)(b), one pharmacist may supervise at most 4 pharmacy technicians at a time in a community or retail pharmacy, including state-certified technicians, and no more than 2 of those may be non-state-certified; staff doing only clerical work, including data entry up to the point of dispensing, are not counted as technicians. Pharmacy interns are not technicians under Section 40-43-30(48), and a pharmacist may supervise only one intern at a time (Section 40-43-84). Institutional pharmacies serving facility in-patients follow a separate 1-to-3 employment ratio based on staff employed at the site (40-43-86(B)(4)(c)). The 2026 amendment to Section 40-43-86 renamed a state agency and did not change these numbers.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#sc-2026-09-28"},{"state":"TN","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-02-.02(7)(a)-(b) (6:1 non-certified cap; certified technicians beyond 6:1 permitted; Board-approved modification) and 1140-02-.02(12) (a pharmacy intern is not a pharmacy technician). Official chapter 1140-02, October 2025 (Revised); last amendment filed July 18, 2025, effective October 16, 2025","note":"Tennessee's technician ratio is unchanged and was re-confirmed against the Secretary of State's official text on September 28, 2026. Under Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-02-.02(7)(a) a pharmacist may supervise up to 6 pharmacy technicians, and technicians beyond that 6:1 ratio are permitted when they are certified pharmacy technicians. Paragraph (12) states that a pharmacy intern is not considered a pharmacy technician, so interns sit outside the count. The rule was last amended effective October 16, 2025, and that amendment did not change the ratio.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#tn-2026-09-28"},{"state":"TX","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"22 Tex. Admin. Code 291.32(d)(3)(A) (Class A community pharmacy; 1:6 with a 3-trainee sublimit; section last amended eff. 2025-05-28, which added the (B) central fill carve-out), with 22 TAC 283.5(b)(5) holding pharmacist-interns outside the ratio (last amended eff. 2020-12-10)","note":"No change in Texas. One on-site pharmacist may still supervise up to 6 pharmacy technicians and technician trainees, with no more than 3 of them trainees, under Texas State Board of Pharmacy rule 22 TAC 291.32(d)(3)(A), and pharmacist-interns are still not counted in that ratio under 22 TAC 283.5(b)(5). Neither rule has been amended in the past year, and the Board's only new proposal this month concerns delivering prescriptions to a prescriber's office, not staffing.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#tx-2026-09-28"},{"state":"VA","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"18VAC110-20-112(A) (Historical Notes \"Derived from Virginia Register Volume 36, Issue 6, eff. December 11, 2019\", re-read 2026-09-28); Board Guidance Document 110-33 (masthead \"Revised: December 10, 2025\", effective 2026-03-26 per the Board's guidance index, read verbatim 2026-09-28); emergency 18VAC110-20-276(G) and -277(D) (Town Hall Action 6505, eff. 2025-06-16, expiration extended to 2027-06-14)","note":"Virginia's limit is unchanged: under 18VAC110-20-112(A) no pharmacist may supervise more than four persons performing the duties of a pharmacy technician at one time. The Board's Guidance Document 110-33, effective March 26, 2026, confirms that a pharmacy intern acting as a technician, and a technician trainee doing technician tasks, each count toward those four. Separate emergency rules that allow larger limits for remote database access and central fill pharmacies have been extended to June 14, 2027, and the Board's permanent version has not yet been published for public comment.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#va-2026-09-28"},{"state":"WV","date":"2026-09-28","citation":"W. Va. C.S.R. 15-7-5.3 (15CSR7, Final File filed 2026-05-04, eff. 2026-07-01, read verbatim 2026-09-28); W. Va. C.S.R. 15-15-8 (15CSR15, eff. 2026-07-01, read verbatim 2026-09-28 from the Modified File of 2026-08-26, where it carries forward unchanged)","note":"West Virginia's pharmacy staffing rules are unchanged. W. Va. C.S.R. 15-7-5.3 still allows no more than six pharmacy technicians and technician trainees combined for each pharmacist on duty, with pharmacy interns outside that six, and W. Va. C.S.R. 15-15-8 still limits a pharmacist, pharmacy intern or pharmacy technician to 12 continuous hours in any 24-hour period including breaks, with a 30-minute meal break for a shift of eight continuous hours or longer and a further 20 minutes at twelve. The amendment the Board filed in mid-2026 concerns alternate delivery of completed prescriptions and does not change any of those limits.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#wv-2026-09-28"},{"state":"AL","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"Ala. Admin. Code r. 680-X-2-.14(5) (in force, current version eff. 2026-04-13); amendment ADOPTED WITHOUT CHANGE at the public hearing of 2026-09-16, effective 2026-11-14","note":"Alabama's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is not changing. The Alabama Board of Pharmacy held its public hearing on rule 680-X-2-.14 on September 16, 2026 and adopted the amendment without change, effective November 14, 2026. The amendment corrects a statutory reference and leaves every staffing number exactly as it is: two technicians per pharmacist when none are certified, three when at least one is certified, four when at least two are certified, and four remains the hard ceiling however many technicians hold certification.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#al-2026-09-21"},{"state":"AR","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"17 CAR 160-907 (as rewritten by Ark. R. 2025-15, eff. 2025-10-10) — unchanged","note":"Arkansas's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged. 17 CAR 160-907 still allows each pharmacist on duty up to four support staff, counting pharmacy technicians, licensed interns and externs together, and still leaves rotation interns, graduate interns, clerks, secretaries, messengers and delivery staff outside that count. No amendment has been filed since the rule was rewritten effective October 10, 2025, and no change is pending. The Board's next regular meeting is October 7-8, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ar-2026-09-21"},{"state":"CA","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"BPC 4115(g)(1) (as amended by AB 1503, Ch. 196, Stats. 2025, Sec. 36, eff. 2026-01-01)","note":"California's pharmacy staffing ratio is unchanged and was re-confirmed against the official statute text on September 21, 2026. Business and Professions Code 4115, as amended by AB 1503 effective January 1, 2026, allows 3 pharmacy technicians for the first pharmacist on duty plus 3 more for each additional pharmacist. The Board of Pharmacy has three rulemakings open — on fee schedules, remote processing and central fill pharmacies — and none of them changes the technician ratio.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ca-2026-09-21"},{"state":"CO","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"C.R.S. 12-280-122 (ratio, unchanged); 3 CCR 719-1 (current version eff. 07/09/2026); NEW Notice of Proposed Rulemaking eDocket 2026-00396, filed 2026-08-28, published 49 CR 17 (2026-09-10), hearing 2026-10-01 09:00 MDT","note":"Colorado's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged as of September 21, 2026 — up to 6 technicians and pharmacy interns combined per pharmacist, no more than 2 of them interns, under C.R.S. 12-280-122, with a majority-certified requirement once 3 or more technicians are on duty. The State Board of Pharmacy has now formally proposed a broad set of rule changes, published in the September 10, 2026 Colorado Register, with a public hearing on October 1, 2026. Nothing in the Board's published description of that rulemaking proposes a change to supervision limits or staffing numbers, and a pharmacy owner wanting to comment should note the October 1 hearing date.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#co-2026-09-21"},{"state":"GA","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"O.C.G.A. 26-4-82 as amended by HB 382 (Act 476, 2026 Ga. Laws, eff. 2026-07-01); Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 480-15-.03(e) (last amended filed 2023-02-08, eff. 2023-02-28, still unconformed)","note":"Georgia re-checked September 21, 2026 with no change for pharmacies. Board of Pharmacy rule 480-15-.03(e) still requires at least one certified technician on duty to staff three, and at least two to staff four, even though HB 382 (Act 476) removed those tiers from O.C.G.A. 26-4-82 effective July 1, 2026. The Board has not proposed conforming its rule and has no rules hearing on its calendar through December 2026, so keep scheduling to the certification tiers. The flat ceiling of four on-site technicians per pharmacist is unchanged, and technicians working from a remote location still do not count toward it.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ga-2026-09-21"},{"state":"IL","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"225 ILCS 85/15.1 \"Pharmacy working conditions\" (added by P.A. 101-621, eff. 2020-01-01; amended by P.A. 103-240, eff. 2024-01-01). No pharmacist-to-technician ratio exists in 225 ILCS 85 or in 68 Ill. Adm. Code Part 1330.","note":"No change to Illinois law. There is still no pharmacist to technician ratio in Illinois, and under 225 ILCS 85/15.1 a pharmacy still may not require a pharmacist, student pharmacist or pharmacy technician to work more than 12 continuous hours in a day including breaks, while a pharmacist who works 6 continuous hours or more must still be allowed a 30 minute uninterrupted meal break plus a 15 minute break, with one more 15 minute break at 12 hours. HB4243, the only 2026 bill that would have set on site staffing requirements for busy retail pharmacies, never got a floor vote and is now tracked as dead, so nothing new is coming for Illinois pharmacies to prepare for. Two other 2026 amendments to the Pharmacy Practice Act, on pharmacist examination scheduling and on adding a missing device to a prescription, do not change hours, breaks or staffing.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#il-2026-09-21"},{"state":"LA","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, 907(A)(1) and 709(B) (combined 4-to-1 pool, 2-to-1 candidate sub-cap, 3-to-1 rotation-intern sub-cap; both sections last amended LR 49:1558, eff. 2023-09-01); LAC 46:LIII.1107(C) (rest break after more than six hours, no stated length; current text eff. 2024-01-01, LR 50:34)","note":"No change to Louisiana's staffing rules this week. One pharmacist may still supervise up to 4 support people at a time, counting certified pharmacy technicians, technician candidates and pharmacy interns together, with no more than 2 technician candidates (La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, 907(A)(1) and 709(B), unchanged since September 1, 2023), and anyone credentialed by the Board still needs a rest break once they have practiced longer than six hours (LAC 46:LIII.1107(C)). A Board rulemaking now in final review does amend Section 907, but only its compounding wording; the ratio sentence is untouched.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#la-2026-09-21"},{"state":"MA","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"247 CMR 8.06(3) (supervisory ratios) and 247 CMR 8.01(16) (two interns per preceptor) and 247 CMR 8.04(3)(c) (lapsed certification counts as a plain pharmacy technician), all amended by Mass. Register Issue 1540 eff. 2025-01-09 (EMERGENCY) and Issue 1546 eff. 2025-01-09 (COMPLIANCE); 247 CMR 9.01(17) (12 hours in any 24-hour period, 8 consecutive hours' rest) amended by Mass. Register Issue 1536 eff. 2024-12-06; Board Policy 2026-02 (adopted 2026-09-03, supersedes Policy 2024-03)","note":"Massachusetts has not changed its pharmacy staffing rules. A pharmacist may supervise up to 4 support personnel once at least two of them are certified pharmacy technicians or pharmacy interns, up to 3 once at least one is, and a registered pharmacist preceptor may not directly supervise more than two pharmacy interns at one time (247 CMR 8.06(3), 8.01(16)). Worth knowing if you track certifications: under 247 CMR 8.04(3)(c), a technician whose certification has lapsed is counted as a plain pharmacy technician in the ratio, so a lapse can quietly cost you a staffing slot. The 12-hour limit on practice in any 24-hour period, with eight consecutive hours of rest before returning, is also unchanged (247 CMR 9.01(17)).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ma-2026-09-21"},{"state":"MN","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"Minn. Stat. 151.102, subd. 1 (History unchanged, ends 2015 c 71 art 10 s 33); Minn. R. 6800.2160 (published version 2017-06-05) — both unchanged","note":"Minnesota's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged. Minn. Stat. 151.102, subd. 1 still allows a pharmacist to supervise up to three technicians, with one additional technician for the pharmacy as a whole when at least one technician holds a valid national certification, and registered pharmacist-interns still do not count. Minnesota's separate work-conditions rule, Minn. R. 6800.2160, is also unchanged: no pharmacy may require a pharmacist, pharmacist-intern or pharmacy technician to work longer than 12 continuous hours in a day including breaks, and anyone working more than six continuous hours must be allowed a 30-minute uninterrupted break. No bill or rulemaking to change either was pending as of September 21, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#mn-2026-09-21"},{"state":"NC","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c) and (e) (history line unchanged: 2001-375, s. 2; 2013-379, s. 2; 2025-25, s. 29(6)); N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.3(q2) (history line ends 2025-37, ss. 5.1(a), 7.1(c), ratified 2025-07-01); 21 NCAC 46 .1503(c) (last amended eff. 2022-05-01); 21 NCAC 46 .2512 (eff. 2007-04-01, reaffirmed eff. 2017-10-03)","note":"North Carolina's staffing rules are unchanged. A pharmacist may supervise no more than two pharmacy technicians unless the pharmacist-manager holds written approval from the Board of Pharmacy for a higher ratio, and the Board cannot approve a higher ratio unless every technician above the second is a certified pharmacy technician (N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c)). Students enrolled in a Board-approved school of pharmacy remain outside the ratio; other registered pharmacy interns, including graduates awaiting the NAPLEX, are not exempted by the statute. Separately, a pharmacy may not require a pharmacist to work longer than 12 continuous hours in a work day, and a pharmacist working longer than six continuous hours must be allowed a 30-minute meal break plus one 15-minute break (21 NCAC 46 .2512).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nc-2026-09-21"},{"state":"ND","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"N.D. Admin. Code 61-02-07.1-04 (Ratio of pharmacists to pharmacy technicians; 4 retail and hospital, 5 closed-door; History effective 1993-10-01, amended effective 2005-01-01 and 2019-10-01); 61-02-08-04(1)(c) (telepharmacy remote sites expressly outside the ratio)","note":"North Dakota's limit is unchanged: no more than four pharmacy technicians per pharmacist in a retail or hospital pharmacy, and no more than five in a closed-door pharmacy that does not deal directly with patients, under N.D. Admin. Code section 61-02-07.1-04. The rule states that the ratio \"does not include other supportive personnel or interns\". The Board of Pharmacy reports that no rule changes are being proposed at this time. The Board did adopt an emergency rule effective August 5, 2026 on 7-OH and related alkaloids, which concerns drug scheduling and does not change any staffing requirement.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nd-2026-09-21"},{"state":"NJ","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15(d), (e)(2) (last amended R.2013 d.098, eff. 2013-08-05); enabling statute N.J.S.A. 45:14-80(d), (e)","note":"New Jersey's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged as of September 21, 2026. Under N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15 a pharmacist may supervise up to 2 pharmacy technicians in any mix. To run above 2 there is no stated numeric ceiling, but every technician on duty must hold a qualifying credential (passing the PTCB exam, a Board-approved certification program, or a Board-approved employer training program with a testing component) and the pharmacy must meet the rule's other conditions, including a written technician policy-and-procedure manual reviewed at least every two years. One technician on duty without a qualifying credential puts the whole crew back to 2 per pharmacist. No amendment to this rule has been filed since 2013 and nothing is pending.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nj-2026-09-21"},{"state":"NV","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"NAC 639.250(2) (current law, last amended by R002-19A eff. 2019-10-22); LCB File No. R072-25 (PROPOSED — only an initial draft and a proposed draft exist; tabled 2026-06-04, NOT adopted)","note":"Nevada's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged. Under NAC 639.250 one pharmacist may supervise up to 3 pharmacy technicians, or 1 technician plus 2 technicians in training, at one time. Proposed rule R072-25, which would raise the cap and add prescription-volume staffing minimums, remains unadopted: the Nevada Legislature's register of administrative regulations shows only a draft and a proposed version of it on file, with no adopted or approved regulation. It was tabled at the Board's June 4, 2026 hearing and has not returned to a Board agenda. The Board's next meeting is October 14-15, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nv-2026-09-21"},{"state":"NY","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"N.Y. Educ. Law 6841(4) (four support persons, at most two registered pharmacy technicians, interns exempt; most recent revision 2025-11-28); 8 NYCRR 29.7(a)(21)(ii) (same limit as unprofessional conduct, as amended eff. 2026-04-29 implementing L. 2025 ch. 543); 8 NYCRR 63.2(a)(3)-(4) (one full-time or two part-time interns per preceptor; one intern per 5,000 prescriptions annually). NEW ON THE RECORD: 8 NYCRR 63.8 amended and 63.18 added, eff. 2026-05-22 (shared pharmacy services, L. 2024 ch. 491). PENDING: S5625 (2025-2026), no vote.","note":"No change in New York. A pharmacist may still have no more than four support people assisting at one time, and no more than two of those may be registered pharmacy technicians performing licensed technician tasks (N.Y. Education Law 6841(4)); pharmacy interns remain exempt from that count, and a preceptor pharmacist may supervise no more than one full-time or two part-time interns (8 NYCRR 63.2). Separately, New York's rules on shared pharmacy services changed effective May 22, 2026 (8 NYCRR 63.8 and the new 63.18), which affects registration for pharmacies participating in shared services but does not change the staffing numbers. The bill that would require a second pharmacist above 200 prescriptions in any 14-hour period, S5625, is still sitting in committee with no vote and is not law.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ny-2026-09-21"},{"state":"OH","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"OAC 4729:5-5-02.2(A) (eff. 5/1/2024, FYR 5/1/2029) — 13 hours in any workday plus 8 hours off between consecutive shifts, both roles; Ohio has NO pharmacist-to-technician ratio","note":"Ohio's pharmacy workload rules are unchanged as of September 21, 2026. Ohio sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Under OAC 4729:5-5-02.2 a pharmacy may not require pharmacy personnel to work longer than 13 hours in any workday and must allow at least 8 hours off between consecutive shifts, and anyone working more than 6 continuous hours must be allowed a 30-minute uninterrupted break. Only a pharmacist may volunteer to work past 13 hours, and the pharmacy must document the overage and the reason and keep it available for inspection for 3 years. Nothing on these rules is pending; their next scheduled review is May 1, 2029.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#oh-2026-09-21"},{"state":"OK","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"59 O.S. 353.18A(C) (statute, retail 4 per licensed pharmacist, eff. 2025-11-01 by SB 906); OAC 535:15-5-7.2 (hospital, 4); OAC 535:15-13-5(c) (retail Board rule, conformed two to four by the Board's 2026 permanent rulemaking); OAC 535:15-13-12 (Work schedule display), cross-referenced at OAC 535:15-5-7.10","note":"Oklahoma's limit is unchanged: a retail pharmacy may have no more than four pharmacy technicians for every one licensed pharmacist, under 59 O.S. Section 353.18A(C), effective November 1, 2025, and the hospital limit is also four under Board rule OAC 535:15-5-7.2. No rule changes are pending before the Oklahoma State Board of Pharmacy. One caution for anyone checking this themselves: free online copies of the Board's rule 535:15-13-5 still show the old limit of two technicians, which the statute replaced.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ok-2026-09-21"},{"state":"SC","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"S.C. Code Ann. § 40-43-86(B)(4)(b) [community/retail dual cap: 4 total per pharmacist, sub-cap of 2 non-state-certified] & § 40-43-86(B)(4)(c) [institutional 1:3 employment ratio, deliberately not modelled]","note":"South Carolina's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged as of September 21, 2026. Under S.C. Code Ann. 40-43-86(B)(4)(b) one pharmacist may supervise at most 4 pharmacy technicians at a time in a community or retail pharmacy, and no more than 2 of those may be non-state-certified. State-certified technicians still count toward the 4. Institutional pharmacies serving facility in-patients follow a separate 1-to-3 employment ratio under 40-43-86(B)(4)(c). The Board is working on new compounding regulations, with a working draft dated August 18, 2026; that draft does not change staffing or supervision numbers.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#sc-2026-09-21"},{"state":"TN","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-02-.02(7)(a) (6:1 non-certified cap, certified technicians uncapped) and 1140-02-.02(12) (a pharmacy intern is not a pharmacy technician) — October 2025 revised chapter, amendments filed 2025-07-18, effective 2025-10-16","note":"Tennessee's technician ratio is unchanged. Under Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-02-.02(7)(a) a pharmacist may supervise up to 6 non-certified pharmacy technicians, and certified technicians (CPhT) are not counted against that limit at all. Paragraph (12) of the same rule states that a pharmacy intern is not considered a pharmacy technician, so interns sit outside the count. No rulemaking to change the ratio is pending: the Board's September 24, 2026 Rules Committee meeting was cancelled, which makes October 22, 2026 the next date at which a rule change could be started.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#tn-2026-09-21"},{"state":"TX","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"22 Tex. Admin. Code 291.32(d)(3)(A) (Class A community pharmacy; 1:6 with a 3-trainee sublimit, eff. 2020-12-10, subparagraph (B) central fill carve-out eff. 2025-05-28), with 22 TAC 283.5(b)(5) holding pharmacist-interns outside the ratio","note":"No change in Texas. One on-site pharmacist may still supervise up to 6 pharmacy technicians and technician trainees, with no more than 3 of the 6 being trainees, under Texas State Board of Pharmacy rule 22 TAC 291.32(d)(3)(A), and pharmacist-interns are still not counted in that ratio under 22 TAC 283.5(b)(5). Nothing to change the ratio is pending before the Board, no amendment to either rule was filed in the past 12 months, and the Board's published rule review schedule does not revisit the community pharmacy chapter that contains the ratio until late 2027.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#tx-2026-09-21"},{"state":"VA","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"18VAC110-20-112(A) (Historical Notes read today: \"Derived from Virginia Register Volume 36, Issue 6, eff. December 11, 2019\", no later entry); emergency amendment eff. 2025-06-16 appending the 18VAC110-20-276/-277 exceptions; Board Guidance Document 110-33 \"Pharmacy Interns as Pharmacy Technicians, Pharmacy Technician Ratio\", now EFFECTIVE 2026-03-26","note":"Virginia's pharmacist-to-technician limit is unchanged: under 18VAC110-20-112(A) no pharmacist may supervise more than four persons performing the duties of a pharmacy technician at one time. The Board's guidance document 110-33, \"Pharmacy Interns as Pharmacy Technicians, Pharmacy Technician Ratio\", took effect on March 26, 2026 and is consistent with that limit counting the work rather than the credential: a pharmacy intern acting as a technician, and a technician trainee performing technician tasks, each occupy one of the four slots.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#va-2026-09-21"},{"state":"WV","date":"2026-09-21","citation":"W. Va. C.S.R. 15-7-5.3 (15CSR7, Final File filed 2026-05-04, eff. 2026-07-01) — the ratio; W. Va. C.S.R. 15-15-8 (15CSR15, eff. 2026-07-01, RENUMBERED from 15-15-7) — the hour and break rule","note":"West Virginia's pharmacy staffing rules are unchanged. W. Va. C.S.R. 15-7-5.3 still allows no more than six pharmacy technicians and technician trainees combined for each pharmacist on duty, with pharmacy interns outside that six, and W. Va. C.S.R. 15-15-8 still limits a pharmacist, pharmacy intern or pharmacy technician to 12 continuous hours in any 24-hour period including breaks, with a 30-minute meal break at eight hours and a further 20 minutes at twelve. The amendment the Board filed in mid-2026 concerns alternate delivery of completed prescriptions and does not change any of those limits.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#wv-2026-09-21"},{"state":"IN","date":"2026-09-18","citation":"856 IAC 1-6.1-1 (qualifying pharmacist; fixtures, facilities and equipment — NOT staffing); IC 25-26-13-19 / 856 IAC 1-13 (absence-of-pharmacist privilege and open/close register); SB 506 (2025), \"Pharmacy employment regulations\" — 13-hour day + 8-hour inter-shift rest, INTRODUCED AND NOT ENACTED","note":"Indiana sets no maximum shift length, no weekly hours cap, no minimum rest between shifts, no required meal or rest break and no limit on consecutive days worked for pharmacists, technicians or interns. A 2025 bill that would have capped pharmacists at 13 hours a day with 8 hours off between shifts (SB 506) was introduced on January 16, 2025, referred to committee and never advanced. Indiana does require a pharmacy to report each pharmacist's weekly hours — including hours worked at other pharmacies — on its permit application, and to keep a register of opening and closing times when it operates without a pharmacist on duty under IC 25-26-13-19.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#in-2026-09-18"},{"state":"PA","date":"2026-09-18","citation":"49 Pa. Code § 27.11(c) (sole pharmacist's PERMISSIVE up-to-30-minute break, added by 39 Pa.B. 7005 eff. 2009-12-12; section last amended 55 Pa.B. 4335 eff. 2025-06-28) — the only hours-adjacent provision in 49 Pa. Code ch. 27. Pharmacy Act, 63 P.S. § 390-4, carries the constant-supervision duty and no hours provision.","note":"Pennsylvania sets no maximum shift length, no limit on consecutive days, and no required rest period between shifts for pharmacy staff. Its one break rule, 49 Pa. Code § 27.11(c), permits a sole pharmacist on duty to take up to a 30-minute break while the pharmacy stays open, provided the pharmacist stays in the building and remains reachable for emergencies or counseling — it is an allowance, not an entitlement, and it does not cover pharmacy technicians. Pennsylvania also imposes no duty to keep or produce staffing schedules or hours-worked records.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#pa-2026-09-18"},{"state":"VA","date":"2026-09-18","citation":"18VAC110-20-110(B) (12 continuous hours per work day, six hours off-time between consecutive shifts, 30-minute break past six continuous hours) and 18VAC110-20-113 (Pharmacy working conditions; Staffing Requests or Concerns Form maintained in the pharmacy for three years, produced within 48 hours), both Va. Register Vol. 41, Iss. 25, eff. 2025-08-27","note":"Virginia's pharmacy working-conditions rules are unchanged since they took effect on August 27, 2025. Under 18VAC110-20-110(B) a pharmacy may not require a pharmacist to work longer than 12 continuous hours in a work day, must allow at least six hours of off-time between consecutive shifts, and must allow a 30-minute break to a pharmacist working longer than six continuous hours; a pharmacist may volunteer to work longer. Under 18VAC110-20-113 a completed Staffing Requests or Concerns Form must be kept in the pharmacy for three years and produced for the board within 48 hours of request. None of the numeric hour, rest or break limits apply to pharmacy technicians or interns.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#va-2026-09-18"},{"state":"WA","date":"2026-09-18","citation":"WAC 246-945-410(3) (facility \"staffed sufficiently\"; amended WSR 26-15-078, filed 7/16/26, eff. 8/16/26) and WAC 246-945-020 (two-year records retention + commission access on request; WSR 20-12-072, eff. 7/1/20)","note":"Washington sets no maximum shift length, no minimum rest between shifts, no pharmacy-specific meal or rest break and no limit on consecutive days worked for pharmacists or technicians. What it does require is that a pharmacy be \"staffed sufficiently to allow appropriate supervision, operate safely and, if applicable, remain open during posted hours of operation\" (WAC 246-945-410(3), amended effective August 16, 2026), and that compliance records be kept in a readily retrievable form for at least two years and be made available to the Pharmacy Quality Assurance Commission on request (WAC 246-945-020). Washington pharmacy staff are covered by the state's general meal and rest break rule (WAC 296-126-092) like other employees, not by a pharmacy-specific one.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#wa-2026-09-18"},{"state":"AK","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"12 AAC 52.230 (Pharmacy technicians; Eff. 1/16/98, Register 145; am 4/4/2002, Register 162; am 1/23/2003, Register 165; am 12/28/2022, Register 244); 12 AAC 52.200(c) (pharmacist-in-charge presence)","note":"Alaska sets no numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise; 12 AAC 52 instead requires technicians to work under pharmacist supervision, and requires the pharmacist-in-charge to be present enough to provide real supervision and control.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ak-2026-09-17"},{"state":"AL","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located for hours/rest/consecutive days. Related: Ala. Admin. Code r. 680-X-2-.28 (temporary absence for breaks, capped at 30 minutes, permissive); 680-X-2-.12 (supervising pharmacist on duty 50% or 30 hrs/week); 680-X-2-.31 (pharmacy open 20 hrs/week minimum); 680-X-2-.14 (technician training documentation retained 2 years)","note":"Alabama's pharmacy rules do not set a maximum shift length, a required break or a minimum rest period between shifts; rule 680-X-2-.28 instead permits a pharmacist to step away for up to 30 minutes and requires the pharmacy to have written policies covering that absence.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#al-2026-09-17"},{"state":"AR","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"17 CAR Part 160 (Arkansas State Board of Pharmacy Rules), read in full; no hour cap, rest gap, required break, consecutive-days limit or staffing-records duty located","note":"Arkansas does not limit how many hours a pharmacist or pharmacy technician may work, and sets no required break, minimum rest between shifts or schedule-display duty. Its only hours provision concerns pharmacy interns earning practical experience toward licensure, which may not exceed forty hours per week.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ar-2026-09-17"},{"state":"AZ","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"4 A.A.C. 23 (Ariz. Admin. Code Title 4, Ch. 23, Board of Pharmacy), Supp. 26-1 — no ratio provision; adjacent floor-area personnel cap at R4-23-609(A)","note":"Arizona does not set a pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Its pharmacy rules (4 A.A.C. 23) limit how many staff may work in the prescription area by the pharmacy's floor space — a minimum 300 square feet allows three pharmacy personnel to work at once, with 60 additional square feet required for each additional person (R4-23-609(A)).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#az-2026-09-17"},{"state":"CA","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located for hours/rest/consecutive days. Related: 16 CCR 1714.1 (temporary absence for breaks; expressly cross-references Labor Code 512 and IWC orders; meal capped at 30 minutes); 16 CCR 1715 (biennial self-assessment listing licensed staff, retained 3 years); BPC 4113 and 4113.6 (as amended/added by AB 1286, Ch. 470, Stats. 2023)","note":"Not for publication: nothing found.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ca-2026-09-17"},{"state":"CO","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located for hours/rest/breaks/consecutive days. Related: 3 CCR 719-1-11.00.00 (each outlet must keep a current list of every pharmacist and intern who practised there in the previous two years)","note":"Not for publication: nothing found.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#co-2026-09-17"},{"state":"DC","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"DCMR tit. 17 § 9900.5 (Pharmacy Technicians, ch. 99; DC Health published version effective 2020-06-12); DCMR tit. 17 § 6508 (Pharmacists, ch. 65)","note":"The District of Columbia does not set a numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise. DCMR 17-9900.5 instead requires that no pharmacist supervise more technicians and trainees than he or she can safely supervise, and holds the pharmacist fully responsible for each one.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#dc-2026-09-17"},{"state":"DE","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"24 Del. C. ch. 25 (struck and substituted in full by SB 180, 153rd Gen. Assem., signed 2025-06-30, substantive provisions eff. 2026-06-30) and 24 Del. Admin. Code 2500 §§ 3.0, 19.0 — no ratio in either","note":"Delaware does not set a numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise. It sets the opposite kind of requirement — at least one fully trained technician must be immediately available whenever the pharmacy department is open for business (24 Del. Admin. Code 2500, section 3.8).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#de-2026-09-17"},{"state":"FL","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located for hours/rest/consecutive days. Related: Fla. Admin. Code r. 64B16-27.1001(6) (pharmacist meal break PERMITTED, capped at 30 minutes, with a posted-sign duty; eff. 1-1-10); r. 64B16-28.109 (prescription department closed/padlocked when no pharmacist present); r. 64B16-27.4001(1),(3) (qualitative \"shall not delegate more tasks than he or she can personally supervise\" plus eleven staffing-judgment factors, eff. 2026-01-18)","note":"Florida sets no maximum shift length, no required rest period between shifts and no mandatory break for pharmacy staff. Rule 64B16-27.1001(6) instead PERMITS a pharmacist to take a meal break of up to 30 minutes without the prescription department counting as closed, provided a sign is posted showing the hours during which meal breaks may be taken and a pharmacist stays on the premises.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#fl-2026-09-17"},{"state":"GA","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located for hours/rest/breaks/consecutive days. Related: Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. 480-10-.02 (pharmacist absence from the prescription department limited to 3 hours daily and 1.5 hours at any one time); 480-15-.02(6)(d) (technician CE certificates retained 2 years); 480-15-.04(1) (PIC must keep each technician's current registration readily accessible for Board inspection)","note":"Not for publication: nothing found.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ga-2026-09-17"},{"state":"HI","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"HAR ch. 16-95 (am and comp eff. 2016-08-15), esp. 16-95-79 and 16-95-2; HRS ch. 461 as amended by Act 93, SLH 2025 (HB 72, approved 2025-05-27; technician registration from 2026-01-01)","note":"Hawaii sets no numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise; HAR 16-95-79 instead requires the pharmacist to immediately supervise all pharmacy activities, meaning physically present. Separately, since January 1, 2026 Act 93 requires every Hawaii pharmacy technician to hold a certificate of registration from the Board of Pharmacy.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#hi-2026-09-17"},{"state":"IA","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located for hours/rest/breaks/consecutive days. Related: Iowa Admin. Code r. 481-552.8(1)(a) (delegated functions permitted while a pharmacist is off site for a period \"not to exceed two hours\", non-institutional; eff. 2025-07-16, ARC 9338C); r. 481-552.3(3) (pharmacy department closed and secured when the pharmacist is absent from the facility); r. 481-552.18 (telepharmacy: on-site pharmacist presence \"no less than 16 hours per month\", and conversion to a general pharmacy above 150 Rx/day); r. 481-552.30 (records retained at least two years — drug and patient records only)","note":"Iowa sets no maximum shift length, no required rest period between shifts and no mandatory break for pharmacy staff. Iowa's re-made pharmacy rules instead let a pharmacy keep designated staff performing delegated tasks while a pharmacist is off site for up to two hours outside institutional settings (rule 481-552.8(1)(a)), and require the pharmacy department to be closed and secured whenever the pharmacist is away from the facility (rule 481-552.3(3)).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ia-2026-09-17"},{"state":"ID","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located for hours/rest/breaks/consecutive days. Related: Idaho Code 54-1730(4) (drug outlet shall \"maintain staff sufficient to operate safely and remain open during the hours posted to the public\"; added 2025, ch. 93, sec. 25); 54-1731B (a drug outlet may dispense with NO pharmacist or prescriber on site, on video/audio conditions; added 2025, ch. 93, sec. 29); 54-1731C (records retained at least three years — prescription, controlled-substance and distribution records only; added 2025, ch. 93, sec. 30)","note":"Idaho sets no maximum shift length, no required rest period between shifts and no mandatory break for pharmacy staff. Its only staffing requirement is a general one in statute — Idaho Code 54-1730(4) requires a drug outlet to \"maintain staff sufficient to operate safely and remain open during the hours posted to the public\" — which sets a professional-judgment standard rather than any number.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#id-2026-09-17"},{"state":"KS","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"K.A.R. 68-5-16 (Ratio of pharmacy technicians to pharmacists) — 4:1, plus a 2-per-pharmacist sub-cap on non-certified technicians; last amended eff. February 7, 2020","note":"Kansas limits pharmacy technicians to four per pharmacist, and separately limits any one pharmacist to supervising no more than two technicians who have not passed an approved certification examination (K.A.R. 68-5-16). That rule was last amended effective February 7, 2020.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ks-2026-09-17"},{"state":"KY","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"201 KAR 2:045 (Pharmacy technicians), eff. 10-22-2025 — no numeric ratio; supervision governed qualitatively by KRS 315.010(12)/(27) and 201 KAR 2:480","note":"Kentucky does not set a pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Its technician regulation, 201 KAR 2:045, was amended effective October 22, 2025 and instead controls what a technician may do by the level of pharmacist supervision required and by whether the technician is registered or nationally certified.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ky-2026-09-17"},{"state":"LA","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"LAC 46:LIII.1107(C) (no practice longer than six hours without a rest break; all board-credentialed persons; current text eff. 2024-01-01, LR 50:34); LAC 46:LIII.1109 (pharmacist temporary absence, 30 min at a time / 60 min per 12 hours; eff. 2020-04-01, LR 46:579)","note":"Louisiana requires a rest break for anyone credentialed by the Board of Pharmacy — pharmacists, interns and pharmacy technicians — after six hours of practice (LAC 46:LIII.1107(C)); separately, a pharmacist's temporary absence from the prescription department may not exceed 30 minutes at a time or 60 minutes in a 12-hour period (LAC 46:LIII.1109).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#la-2026-09-17"},{"state":"MA","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"247 CMR 9.01(17) (12 hours in any 24-hour period; 8 consecutive hours' rest; pharmacists, interns AND technicians; eff. 12/06/2024, Mass. Register Issue 1536); 247 CMR 9.19(17) (temporary absence capped at 30 minutes per six hours)","note":"Massachusetts limits pharmacists, pharmacy interns and pharmacy technicians alike to 12 hours of practice in any 24-hour period, and requires eight consecutive hours of rest before returning to work (247 CMR 9.01(17)); working past 12 hours is permitted only for a documented extenuating circumstance.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ma-2026-09-17"},{"state":"MD","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"COMAR 10.34.34 (chapter revised eff. Jan. 28, 2024; .02B/.03/.07/.10A amended eff. Nov. 11, 2024); Md. Health Occ. § 12-6B-06","note":"Maryland does not set a numeric pharmacist-to-technician ratio. COMAR 10.34.34.03 requires a registered pharmacy technician to perform delegated pharmacy acts under the direct supervision of a licensed pharmacist who is physically available onsite, without capping how many technicians a pharmacist may supervise.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#md-2026-09-17"},{"state":"ME","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"02-392 CMR ch. 7 (Licensure and Employment of Pharmacy Technicians, amended eff. Jan. 1, 2025); 32 MRS § 13751","note":"Maine's pharmacy statute sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio, and the Board's technician rule (02-392 CMR ch. 7, amended effective January 1, 2025) appears to place responsibility on the pharmacy and pharmacist in charge to ensure technicians on duty can be satisfactorily supervised rather than fixing a number — a reading we are still confirming against the rule text itself.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#me-2026-09-17"},{"state":"MI","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"MCL 333.17739 (added 2014 PA 285, eff. 2014-12-22; amended 2020 PA 4, eff. 2020-04-26) and Mich. Admin. Code R. 338.3651–R. 338.3665 (2023 MR 19, eff. 2023-10-02) — no ratio in either","note":"Michigan does not set a numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise. State law instead requires that technicians work under the supervision and personal charge of a pharmacist (MCL 333.17739), which is a judgment-based standard rather than a headcount.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#mi-2026-09-17"},{"state":"MN","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"Minn. R. 6800.2160 PHARMACY WORK CONDITIONS (authority Minn. Stat. 151.06; adopted 41 SR 1382, current published version 2017-06-05); Minn. R. 6800.3100 subp. 3a (2-year personnel attribution record); Minn. R. 6800.3850 (technician procedures on file for Board inspection)","note":"Minnesota limits pharmacy shifts for everyone, not just pharmacists. Under Minn. R. 6800.2160 a Minnesota pharmacy may not require a pharmacist, pharmacist-intern or pharmacy technician to work longer than 12 continuous hours in a day, and that 12 hours counts the breaks. Anyone in those three roles working longer than six continuous hours must be allowed a 30-minute uninterrupted break, and everyone must get adequate time for a restroom within each four consecutive hours of work. The limits do not apply during an emergency that must be handled to minimise immediate health risks to patients.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#mn-2026-09-17"},{"state":"MO","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"20 CSR 2220-2.710 (orig. filed Feb. 7, 2020, eff. Aug. 30, 2020); 20 CSR 2220-2.010(1)(C) (last amended eff. Aug. 30, 2022); RSMo 338.013 (eff. Aug. 28, 2009)","note":"Missouri does not set a numeric pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Instead, 20 CSR 2220-2.710 requires that a Missouri-licensed pharmacist be readily and immediately available whenever technicians or intern pharmacists perform delegated tasks, and 20 CSR 2220-2.010(1)(C) requires adequate staffing to provide pharmacy services safely and accurately.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#mo-2026-09-17"},{"state":"MT","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"Mont. Admin. r. 24.174.411 (Pharmacist Meal/Rest Breaks) and 24.174.703(10), both as amended/created by MAR Notice No. 2025-206.2, eff. 2025-12-06; related 24.174.711 (qualitative staffing standard, amended same notice) and 24.174.301(28) (intern max 48 internship hours per calendar week)","note":"Montana requires that a pharmacist working alone take a meal or rest break of up to 30 minutes per shift, on the premises, without closing the pharmacy (ARM 24.174.411). Since December 6, 2025 a pharmacy technician may hold the pharmacy during that break but may not be left in charge for more than 30 minutes (ARM 24.174.703(10)). Montana sets no maximum shift length and no required rest period between shifts.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#mt-2026-09-17"},{"state":"NC","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"21 NCAC 46 .2512 PHARMACIST WORK CONDITIONS (eff. April 1, 2007; reaffirmed as necessary without substantive public interest eff. October 3, 2017 under G.S. 150B-21.3A); authority G.S. 90-85.2, 90-85.6(a), 90-85.21(a), 90-85.32(a)","note":"North Carolina limits pharmacist shifts. Under Board rule 21 NCAC 46 .2512 a pharmacy permit holder may not require a pharmacist to work longer than 12 continuous hours in a work day, and a pharmacist working longer than six continuous hours must be allowed a 30-minute meal break plus one additional 15-minute break during that time. The rule applies to pharmacists only, not to pharmacy technicians, and North Carolina sets no minimum rest between shifts and no limit on consecutive days worked.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nc-2026-09-17"},{"state":"ND","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located — screened N.D. Admin. Code ch. 61-02-01 (Pharmacy Permits, all 18 sections read), the art. 61-02 chapter index, ch. 61-02-07.1 (Pharmacy Technician, via the 2026-09-16 deep review) and the NDCC ch. 43-15 section index. Closest provisions are coverage and notification duties, not hour limits: 61-02-01-13 (pharmacist on duty), 61-02-01-01(2) (names of personnel reported to the Board), 61-02-01-18 (policy and procedure manual, eff. Oct 1, 2014).","note":"North Dakota does not cap how many hours a pharmacist or pharmacy technician may work, does not require time off between shifts, does not mandate a meal or rest break, and does not limit consecutive days worked. It does require that at least one registered pharmacist be on duty and physically present whenever the prescription area is open for business, under N.D. Admin. Code section 61-02-01-13, and that the pharmacy tell the Board the names of its pharmacist-in-charge, pharmacists, interns, technicians and supportive personnel and keep that information current.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nd-2026-09-17"},{"state":"NH","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"N.H. Admin. Code Ph 800 (Pharmacy Technicians) — no ratio; and N.H. Admin. Code Ph 703.01 (Presence of Pharmacists), effective 2022-06-16, expires 2032-06-16, which sets a 30-minute break per 8 hours worked","note":"New Hampshire does not set a numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise. It does set a numeric break requirement: no pharmacist may work more than 8 hours without a 30-minute rest break, and a single pharmacist may take that break without closing the pharmacy if certain conditions are met (N.H. Admin. Code Ph 703.01).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nh-2026-09-17"},{"state":"NJ","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.4 Meal or restroom breaks (New Rule R.2005 d.25 eff. 1/18/2005; amended R.2009 d.247 eff. 8/3/2009) — PERMISSIVE, not mandatory; N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.2 Pharmacist-in-charge (35-hour weekly MINIMUM). No hour cap, rest rule, consecutive-days limit or staffing-record duty located.","note":"New Jersey does not limit how many hours a pharmacist or pharmacy technician may work, does not require time off between shifts, and does not limit consecutive days worked. Its one break rule, N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.4, does not entitle anyone to a break; it permits a sole pharmacist on duty to take restroom breaks and a 30-minute meal break while the pharmacy stays open, provided the pharmacist remains in the pharmacy and accessible for emergencies and counselling, an employee stays present, and a sign is posted.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nj-2026-09-17"},{"state":"NM","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"16.19.22.10 NMAC (Support Personnel and Pharmacy Technicians) — no general numeric ratio; PIC determines, board reserves the right to impose one; narrow numeric limit for vaccine administration only. Last amended 6/29/2013.","note":"New Mexico does not set a general pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Under 16.19.22.10 NMAC the permissible ratio is determined by the pharmacist-in-charge, though the Board of Pharmacy reserves the right to impose one. A separate numeric limit applies to technicians administering vaccines.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nm-2026-09-17"},{"state":"NV","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"NAC 639.245(1) (staffing-on-duty record, 2-year retention, eff. 9-21-2020 via R142-20A); NAC 639.556 (meal and rest periods, added by R152-05 eff. 12-29-2005); NAC 639.247 (personnel policies and records, 2 years); NRS 639.220(2) (sole managing pharmacist, Board-authorized meal absence not to exceed 2 hours per day); LCB File No. R072-25 (PROPOSED, TABLED June 4, 2026)","note":"Nevada does not cap how many hours a pharmacist or pharmacy technician may work, does not require time off between shifts, and does not limit consecutive days worked. It does require every pharmacy to keep a written record of which pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and technicians in training were on duty during business hours, readily retrievable and kept for two years, under NAC 639.245, and NAC 639.556 sets out how a meal or rest period is taken when only one pharmacist is on duty.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nv-2026-09-17"},{"state":"NY","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located — screened N.Y. Educ. Law art. 137 (6800-6831), 8 NYCRR Part 63 (Regulations of the Commissioner, Pharmacy) and 8 NYCRR 29.7 (Regents Rules, special provisions for pharmacy). Closest provisions are minimums and volume rules, not hour limits: Educ. Law 6808(2)(e), 8 NYCRR 29.7 (supervising pharmacist full-time = 30+ hours/week), 8 NYCRR 63.2(a)(3)-(4) (preceptor intern limits, one intern per 5,000 prescriptions annually). PENDING: S5625 (2025-2026).","note":"New York does not cap how many hours a pharmacist or pharmacy technician may work, does not require time off between shifts, does not mandate a meal or rest break, and does not limit consecutive days worked. A bill has been introduced in four consecutive legislative sessions, most recently S5625 in 2025, that would require a second licensed pharmacist whenever a pharmacy dispenses more than 200 prescriptions in any fourteen-hour period. It has never come to a vote and is not law.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ny-2026-09-17"},{"state":"OK","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"OAC 535:15-13-12 (Work schedule display), cross-referenced at OAC 535:15-5-7.10; no hour cap, rest gap, required break or consecutive-days limit located anywhere in the Board's compiled law book","note":"Oklahoma does not limit how many hours a pharmacist or pharmacy technician may work, and sets no required break or minimum rest between shifts. It does require a pharmacy to conspicuously display a work schedule showing who is working as a technician, who is working as an auxiliary supportive person, the hours each works, and the ratio of technicians to supervising pharmacists.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ok-2026-09-17"},{"state":"OR","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"OAR 855-041-1010 (Outlet Personnel; BP 7-2023 eff. 2023-02-14, BP 34-2023 filed 2023-12-19 eff. 2024-03-01) — no ratio. OAR 855-025-0025 and 855-025-0035 REPEALED by BP 8-2024, filed 2024-02-15, eff. 2024-02-29.","note":"Oregon does not set a numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise. Oregon does, however, require pharmacies to provide sufficient personnel to prevent fatigue and to give staff real opportunities for uninterrupted rest periods and meal breaks, and a pharmacy's licence can be disciplined for failing to do so (OAR 855-041-1010).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#or-2026-09-17"},{"state":"PA","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"49 Pa. Code § 27.12 (no ratio; the ratio subsection was deleted at final rulemaking in 1998, 28 Pa.B. 4532) — current text amended April 10, 2026, effective April 11, 2026, 56 Pa.B. 1980","note":"Pennsylvania does not set a numeric limit on how many pharmacy technicians one pharmacist may supervise. State regulation instead requires that technicians work only under a pharmacist's direct and immediate personal supervision (49 Pa. Code § 27.12), which is a judgment-based standard rather than a headcount.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#pa-2026-09-17"},{"state":"RI","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"216-RICR-40-15-1.6.1(E) and (E)(1) (R.I. Dept. of Health, Pharmacists, Pharmacies, and Manufacturers, Wholesalers, and Distributors) — adequate staffing, adequate rest periods, and staffing information on demand. Previously numbered 1.5.1(E) before the 2026 amendment renumbered the Part.","note":"Rhode Island requires every pharmacy to keep enough pharmacists and technicians on duty to meet its workload and to provide adequate rest periods for staff, and to hand staffing information to the Department of Health on request — including prescription volume, hours of operation and staff schedules (216-RICR-40-15-1.6.1(E)). Rhode Island sets no maximum shift length, no fixed break length and no required rest period between shifts.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ri-2026-09-17"},{"state":"SC","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located for hour caps, rest gaps, required breaks or consecutive days; SC Board of Pharmacy Policy and Procedure #146 (Pharmacist Meal Break — conditional, incl. a break-period transaction log); SCBOP Position Statement on Working Conditions in Pharmacies (non-binding)","note":"South Carolina pharmacy regulations do not set a maximum number of hours a pharmacist or technician may work, a minimum rest period between shifts, or a required meal break. The Board's Policy and Procedure #146 sets out what a pharmacy must have in place if it allows its pharmacist a 30-minute meal break, including written policies, a posted sign, the pharmacist remaining in the facility and available for emergencies, and a log of all transactions that occur while the pharmacist is on break.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#sc-2026-09-17"},{"state":"SD","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"ARSD 20:51:29:19 (Ratio) — three technicians per pharmacist, interns excluded; chapter 20:51:29 amended eff. September 15, 2025 (52 SDR 27). Exception at ARSD 20:51:29:19.02 for hospital, mail order and long-term care.","note":"South Dakota allows up to three pharmacy technicians on duty for every pharmacist on duty, and a pharmacy intern does not count toward that number (ARSD 20:51:29:19). Hospital, mail order and long-term care pharmacies are excepted and have their ratio set by the pharmacist-in-charge, subject to conditions (ARSD 20:51:29:19.02).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#sd-2026-09-17"},{"state":"TN","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located for hour caps, rest gaps, required breaks or consecutive days; Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-03-.14 (PIC on duty at least 50% of operating hours, and not required to be on duty more than an average of 40 hours per week)","note":"Tennessee Board of Pharmacy rules do not set a maximum number of hours a pharmacist or pharmacy technician may work, a minimum rest period between shifts, or a required break. The one hours rule in the Board's regulations concerns the pharmacist-in-charge: under Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-03-.14 the PIC must be on duty at least 50 percent of the hours the pharmacy is in operation, and may not be required to be on duty more than an average of 40 hours per week.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#tn-2026-09-17"},{"state":"TX","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located for hour caps, rest gaps, required breaks or consecutive days; 22 TAC 291.33(b)(3) (break and absence conditions, incl. \"the pharmacy must maintain documentation of the absences of the pharmacist(s)\"); TSBP Position Statement on Working Conditions (Rev. 08/03, non-binding)","note":"Texas pharmacy rules do not set a maximum number of hours a pharmacist or pharmacy technician may work, a minimum rest period between shifts, or a required meal break. What Texas does regulate is what must happen when a pharmacist steps away: under 22 TAC 291.33(b)(3) a single pharmacist may leave the prescription department only on stated conditions, pharmacies with two or more pharmacists must stagger breaks so the department is never left uncovered, and the pharmacy must keep documentation of its pharmacists' absences.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#tx-2026-09-17"},{"state":"UT","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"Utah Admin. Code R156-17b-601 (trainee ratio, eff. 2016-12-22); R156-17b-603(3)(r) (qualitative standard); former 1:3 technician ratio REPEALED eff. 2010-07-08 (DAR File 33630)","note":"Utah does not cap how many pharmacy technicians a pharmacist may supervise — the old one-to-three limit was repealed in 2010 — but Utah Admin. Code R156-17b-601 still limits pharmacy technician trainees to one per pharmacist, or two if a licensed technician or intern is working the same shift.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ut-2026-09-17"},{"state":"VA","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"18VAC110-20-110(B) (12 continuous hours, 6 hours off-time, 30-minute break) and 18VAC110-20-113 (Pharmacy working conditions; staffing-concern records retained 3 years), both eff. 2025-08-27 (Va. Register Vol. 41, Iss. 25)","note":"Virginia limits a pharmacist to 12 continuous hours in a work day unless the pharmacist volunteers or there is an emergency, requires at least six hours off between consecutive shifts, and entitles a pharmacist working more than six continuous hours to a 30-minute break, under 18VAC110-20-110(B). A separate rule, 18VAC110-20-113, requires pharmacies to act on written staffing concerns and to keep those forms on site for three years, available to the board within 48 hours.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#va-2026-09-17"},{"state":"VT","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"26 V.S.A. ch. 36 (no ratio; § 2053 working-conditions duties added 2021, No. 69, § 5); Administrative Rules of the Vermont Board of Pharmacy, eff. 2/1/2026 (Code Vt. R. 04-030-230) — text not retrieved","note":"Vermont's pharmacy statute (26 V.S.A. chapter 36) sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio, and the Board of Pharmacy adopted a consolidated set of administrative rules effective February 1, 2026 that we are still reviewing. Separately, 26 V.S.A. § 2053 makes it unprofessional conduct to fail to provide mandated rest periods or to repeatedly fail to provide resources appropriate for a pharmacist to safely complete professional duties.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#vt-2026-09-17"},{"state":"WA","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"WAC 246-945-460 (WSR 20-12-072, filed 6/1/20, eff. 7/1/20; successor to WAC 246-901-130 as amended by WSR 19-17-034, eff. 9/14/19)","note":"Washington does not set a fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Under WAC 246-945-460 the responsible pharmacy manager decides how many technicians are on duty and must ensure the pharmacists on duty can satisfactorily supervise them; the state's previous 3-to-1 limit was removed effective September 14, 2019.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#wa-2026-09-17"},{"state":"WI","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"none located for hours/breaks/rest/consecutive days. Chapters screened in full at primary: Wis. Admin. Code chs. Phar 6 (Register June 2023 No. 810, ends at 6.075), Phar 7 (Register December 2020 No. 780), Phar 19 (Register August 2024 No. 824), Phar 10.03 (Register May 2026 No. 845, eff. 6-1-26) and Wis. Stat. ch. 450. Closest provision: Phar 10.03(23), failure to provide competent supervision to a board-credentialed subordinate, unprofessional conduct.","note":"Wisconsin sets no maximum shift length, no required break, and no minimum rest period between shifts for pharmacy staff. A temporary emergency rule that would have required pharmacies to determine safe staffing levels and allow enough time to complete work (Phar 6.09) expired on July 2, 2026 and was not made permanent. What remains is Wis. Admin. Code s. Phar 10.03(23), effective June 1, 2026, which makes failure to provide competent supervision to a board-credentialed subordinate unprofessional conduct.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#wi-2026-09-17"},{"state":"WV","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"W. Va. C.S.R. 15-15-8 (Professional Work Environment), 15CSR15 filed 2026-05-04, eff. 2026-07-01, sunset 2031-08-01 — RENUMBERED from 15-15-7","note":"West Virginia limits a pharmacist, pharmacy intern or pharmacy technician to 12 continuous hours in any 24-hour period, and that 12 hours includes the required breaks. Anyone working eight continuous hours or longer must get at least one 30-minute uninterrupted meal break, with an additional 20-minute break at 12 hours, and nobody may be required to work more than five continuous hours before being offered the meal break. The pharmacy must keep a record of its pharmacists' daily break periods. The rule is W. Va. C.S.R. 15-15-8, effective July 1, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#wv-2026-09-17"},{"state":"WY","date":"2026-09-17","citation":"Wyoming Board of Pharmacy Rules ch. 2 (General Practice of Pharmacy Regulations), § 5(a)(vi)(A) and (B) — sufficient staffing and appropriate opportunities for meal breaks. Wyoming SOS reference number 059.0001.2.05242023, effective 05/24/2023 to Current.","note":"Wyoming makes the pharmacy license holder responsible for providing a working environment with sufficient staffing to provide pharmacy services competently and safely, and with appropriate opportunities for meal breaks (Board of Pharmacy Rules ch. 2, § 5(a)(vi)). Wyoming sets no maximum shift length, no required break length and no minimum rest period between shifts.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#wy-2026-09-17"},{"state":"CT","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"Conn. Agencies Regs. § 20-576-36 (community, adopted eff. 1999-01-11, amended 1999 and 2004-06-28); § 20-576-33 (institutional); § 20-576-32 (definitions)","note":"Connecticut allows two pharmacy technicians per supervising pharmacist, and a third only when at least one of the three is a Certified Pharmacy Technician and the supervising pharmacist has not filed a written refusal to supervise three, or when the work is IV admixture, sterile products, unit dose or bulk compounding (Conn. Agencies Regs. § 20-576-36). Institutional pharmacies follow a separate rule that lets the Commission of Pharmacy grant a higher ratio on petition.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ct-2026-09-16"},{"state":"FL","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"Fla. Stat. 465.014(1) + Fla. Admin. Code r. 64B16-27.4001 (amended eff. 2026-01-18); r. 64B16-27.410 REPEALED eff. 2026-01-19","note":"Florida no longer sets a fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Effective January 2026 the Board of Pharmacy repealed the old 1:1 / 3:1 / 6:1 / 8:1 limits (rule 64B16-27.410) and replaced them with rule 64B16-27.4001, which leaves the number of technicians to the supervising pharmacist's professional judgment based on eleven listed factors — and requires any pharmacy using more than one registered technician to keep written policies defining technician scope and documented job-specific training.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#fl-2026-09-16"},{"state":"IA","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"Iowa ARC 9346C (eff. 2025-07-16) rescinded the pharmacy chapter set and re-made it as 481 IAC 550-557; no ratio provision located","note":"Iowa does not set a numeric pharmacist-to-technician ratio. Iowa rescinded and re-made its pharmacy rule chapters in July 2025, and the current chapters contain no ratio. RxShift does not model an Iowa ratio because there is none to model; whether Iowa has hour, break or documentation rules RxShift could support has not yet been researched.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ia-2026-09-16"},{"state":"ID","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"Former IDAPA 27.01.01 -> 24.36.01 -> moved into statute by HB 200 (2025); no ratio provision located","note":"Idaho does not set a numeric pharmacist-to-technician ratio. RxShift does not model an Idaho ratio because there is none to model; whether Idaho has hour, break or documentation rules RxShift could support has not yet been researched.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#id-2026-09-16"},{"state":"IN","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"IC 25-26-13-18.5(c) (supervision cap); IC 25-26-19-2, -3, -5 (definitions and technician certificate); IC 25-26-13.5-9 (remote dispensing, out of scope)","note":"Indiana law caps supervision at eight people per pharmacist: under IC 25-26-13-18.5(c) a pharmacist may not supervise more than eight pharmacy interns, pharmacy technicians, or pharmacy technicians in training at any one time, and no more than three of those eight may be technicians in training. Interns count toward the eight, and a technician's national certification does not raise the number.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#in-2026-09-16"},{"state":"MA","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"Massachusetts Board of Registration in Pharmacy, written response to RxShift inquiry, September 16, 2026; Board Policy 2026-02 §I.B.2 (adopted 2026-09-03); 247 CMR 8.01(16); 247 CMR 2.00","note":"The Massachusetts Board of Registration in Pharmacy confirmed on September 16, 2026 how the condition on its 1-to-6 vaccination ratio should be read: at least three of the six support personnel must be certified pharmacy technicians or pharmacy interns taken together, and no more than two of them may be interns. A pharmacist working with two certified technicians, one intern and three other support personnel therefore meets the condition. RxShift is building this tier against the Board's own written answer rather than an interpretation, and until it ships the product continues to apply the stricter four-per-pharmacist ladder.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ma-2026-09-16"},{"state":"MS","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"Miss. Admin. Code tit. 30, pt. 3001, art. XL, § 4.D (Mississippi Pharmacy Practice Regulations; no adoption or effective date printed on the rule)","note":"Mississippi allows a pharmacist to supervise no more than three pharmacy technicians at a given time, and a pharmacist who exceeds that is subject to Board disciplinary action. Support personnel used solely for clerical duties such as filing prescriptions and general record keeping do not count toward the ratio (Miss. Admin. Code tit. 30, pt. 3001, art. XL, § 4.D).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ms-2026-09-16"},{"state":"MT","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"Montana Board of Pharmacy rulemaking, 2022 (ratio eliminated); see currency screen","note":"Montana does not set a numeric pharmacist-to-technician ratio. The Board of Pharmacy eliminated its former 1:4 ratio in 2022. RxShift does not model a Montana ratio because there is none to model; whether Montana has hour, break or documentation rules that RxShift could support has not yet been researched.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#mt-2026-09-16"},{"state":"ND","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"N.D. Admin. Code § 61-02-07.1-04 (eff. 1993-10-01; amended eff. 2005-01-01 and 2019-10-01); § 61-02-07.1-02 (definitions, amended eff. 2024-01-01); § 61-02-08-04(1)(c) (telepharmacy remote sites, expressly outside the ratio)","note":"North Dakota allows no more than four pharmacy technicians per pharmacist in a retail or hospital pharmacy, and no more than five in a closed-door pharmacy that does not deal directly with patients, under N.D. Admin. Code section 61-02-07.1-04. That rule says in terms that the ratio \"does not include other supportive personnel or interns\", so clerks and pharmacy interns are outside the count. A technician's national certification does not raise the number, since North Dakota already requires certification to register as a technician. Telepharmacy remote sites are handled separately: the technician ratio does not apply there, and instead a pharmacist may oversee no more than four remote sites.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nd-2026-09-16"},{"state":"NE","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 38-2866.01 (as amended by Laws 2026, LB912, § 21, operative 2026-04-15)","note":"Nebraska lets one pharmacist supervise up to four people at a time, counting pharmacy technicians and pharmacist interns together in the same total, and requires at least one of them to be a certified pharmacy technician when all four are technicians (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 38-2866.01, as amended effective April 15, 2026).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ne-2026-09-16"},{"state":"OK","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"59 O.S. § 353.18A(C), added by SB 906 (2025), eff. 2025-11-01 (retail); OAC 535:15-5-7.2 (hospital, 4:1); OAC 535:15-13-5(c) (retail rule, conformed from two to four by the Board's 2026 permanent rulemaking)","note":"An Oklahoma retail pharmacy may have no more than four pharmacy technicians for every one licensed pharmacist. That cap is in the statute itself, 59 O.S. Section 353.18A(C), added by Senate Bill 906 and effective November 1, 2025, and it replaced a Board rule that had allowed only two. The hospital limit is also four, under Board rule OAC 535:15-5-7.2. A pharmacy intern working in the pharmacy does not count toward the ratio, and a technician's national certification does not change the number, because Oklahoma licenses technicians by Board permit.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ok-2026-09-16"},{"state":"RI","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"Rhode Island Board of Pharmacy regulations; no ratio provision located","note":"Rhode Island does not set a numeric pharmacist-to-technician ratio. RxShift does not model a Rhode Island ratio because there is none to model; whether Rhode Island has hour, break or documentation rules RxShift could support has not yet been researched.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ri-2026-09-16"},{"state":"VA","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"18VAC110-20-112(A) (eff. 2019-12-11; emergency amendment eff. 2025-06-16 adding an exception cross-reference), under Va. Code 54.1-2400 and 54.1-3307","note":"Virginia limits a pharmacist to supervising no more than four people performing pharmacy technician duties at one time (18VAC110-20-112). The limit counts the work being done, not the badge: registered technicians, technician trainees and pharmacy interns doing technician work all count toward the same four. Certification does not raise the limit, and there is no waiver. Separate higher limits apply only to remote database access and central fill pharmacies under a Board emergency regulation effective June 16, 2025.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#va-2026-09-16"},{"state":"WI","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"Wis. Admin. Code chs. Phar 7 (recreated eff. 2021-01-01) and Phar 19 (created eff. 2024-09-01) — NO ratio provision; former Phar 7.01(3) cap repealed 2019 (EmR1915 / CR 19-022); Phar 10.03(23) created by CR 26-013, eff. 2026-06-01","note":"Wisconsin does not set a pharmacist-to-technician ratio. The Pharmacy Examining Board repealed its old cap of one intern plus four technicians per pharmacist in 2019, and the current rules (Wis. Admin. Code chs. Phar 6, 7 and 19) contain no numeric staffing limit; staffing is a matter of the pharmacist's professional judgment. As of June 1, 2026 the Board added Phar 10.03(23), which makes failure to provide competent supervision to a board-credentialed subordinate unprofessional conduct.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#wi-2026-09-16"},{"state":"WV","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"W. Va. C.S.R. § 15-7-5.3 (15CSR7, Final File filed 2026-05-04, eff. 2026-07-01, authorized by HB 4265; sunset 2031-08-01)","note":"West Virginia allows no more than six pharmacy technicians and pharmacy technician trainees combined for each pharmacist on duty, under W. Va. C.S.R. § 15-7-5.3. Pharmacy interns do not count toward that six, and a technician's national certification does not raise it. The rule also gives the pharmacist-in-charge final approval of the ratio actually worked, and says that decisions overriding the pharmacist-in-charge may be grounds for disciplinary action against the pharmacy permit. This version of the rule took effect July 1, 2026, and the six was carried forward unchanged from the previous version.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#wv-2026-09-16"},{"state":"WY","date":"2026-09-16","citation":"Wyoming Board of Pharmacy rules; no ratio provision located","note":"Wyoming does not set a numeric pharmacist-to-technician ratio. RxShift does not model a Wyoming ratio because there is none to model; whether Wyoming has hour, break or documentation rules RxShift could support has not yet been researched.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#wy-2026-09-16"},{"state":"MA","date":"2026-09-15","citation":"247 CMR 8.06(3); 247 CMR 8.01(16); Board Policy 2026-02 \"Ratios, Supervision, and Dedicated Training Personnel\" (adopted 2026-09-03, supersedes Policy 2024-03, authority 247 CMR 8.00)","note":"Massachusetts has not changed its pharmacist-to-technician ratio. The Board adopted a new policy on September 3, 2026 restating it: 2 support staff per pharmacist, 3 once at least one is a certified technician or pharmacy intern, and 4 once at least two are. The new policy also confirms a separate limit RxShift does not yet apply, that a pharmacist preceptor may directly supervise no more than two pharmacy interns at a time in a pharmacy, and describes a higher 1-to-6 allowance for pharmacies providing vaccination services. Both are under review before any change is made.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ma-2026-09-15"},{"state":"MN","date":"2026-09-15","citation":"Minn. Stat. 151.01, subd. 15a (definition of \"pharmacy technician\"); Minn. Stat. 151.102, subd. 1 (the ratio); Minn. R. 6800.3850, subp. 7; Minn. R. 6800.5300 (intern registration); Minn. Stat. 151.101 (as rewritten by 1Sp2025 c 3 art 3 s 111)","note":"In Minnesota, a registered pharmacist-intern does not count toward the pharmacist-to-technician ratio, including a graduate intern who has finished the 1,600 internship hours and is waiting to sit the licensing exams. Minn. Stat. 151.01, subd. 15a defines a pharmacy technician as a person \"not licensed as a pharmacist or registered as a pharmacist intern,\" and Minn. R. 6800.5300 keeps an intern's registration in effect until they are licensed as a pharmacist. Minn. R. 6800.3850, subp. 7 says the same thing for interns submitting hours toward the 1,600-hour requirement.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#mn-2026-09-15"},{"state":"OH","date":"2026-09-15","citation":"OAC 4729:5-5-02.2(A) (eff. 5/1/2024, FYR 5/1/2029); Ohio Board of Pharmacy \"Outpatient Pharmacy Minimum Standards\" FAQ Q7 and Q9 (Updated 5/1/2024, Q9 entry dated 4.26.2024)","note":"Ohio's 13-hour limit on a pharmacy workday (OAC 4729:5-5-02.2) is measured in actual hours worked, not scheduled hours. The Board's own Outpatient Pharmacy Minimum Standards FAQ states that the rule references \"hours worked,\" that the limit applies only to hours actually worked in the pharmacy or engaged in the practice of pharmacy, and that it does not reach time a pharmacist is merely on call. Note the separate wrinkle: where a solo pharmacist stays on the premises and remains available for emergencies during the required 30-minute break, that time is not duty-free and a pharmacy should think carefully before excluding it from the 13 hours. Verified September 15, 2026; the rule is unchanged since May 1, 2024 and its next scheduled review is May 1, 2029.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#oh-2026-09-15"},{"state":"AL","date":"2026-09-14","citation":"Ala. Admin. Code r. 680-X-2-.14(5) (current version eff. 2026-04-13); pending citation-correction amendment filed 2026-07-15, public hearing 2026-09-16","note":"Alabama's pharmacy technician ratio has not changed. Board rule 680-X-2-.14(5) still allows two technicians per pharmacist when none are certified, three when at least one is certified, and four when at least two are certified, and four remains the hard ceiling however many technicians hold certification. The Alabama Board of Pharmacy has now published the agenda for its September 16, 2026 meeting, and the public hearing on this rule is on it. The proposed change corrects a statutory reference and leaves every staffing number as it is. Written comments were due to the Board by the end of business on September 15, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#al-2026-09-14"},{"state":"NV","date":"2026-09-14","citation":"NAC 639.250(2) (current law, last amended by R002-19A eff. 2019-10-22); LCB File No. R072-25 (proposed, tabled 2026-06-04, NOT adopted)","note":"Nevada's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged. Under NAC 639.250 one pharmacist may supervise up to 3 pharmaceutical technicians, or 1 technician plus 2 technicians in training, at one time. Proposed rule R072-25, which would raise the cap and add prescription-volume staffing minimums, was tabled at the Board's June 4, 2026 hearing and has not been adopted. The Board's newly published minutes of its July 2026 meeting confirm the proposal was not taken up again in July, and it was not on the September agenda either. The Board's next scheduled meetings are October 14-15 and December 2-3, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nv-2026-09-14"},{"state":"AR","date":"2026-09-08","citation":"17 CAR 160-907 (as rewritten by Ark. R. 2025-15, eff. 2025-10-10)","note":"Arkansas allows each pharmacist on duty up to four support staff under 17 CAR 160-907, and since October 10, 2025 that four counts licensed interns and externs alongside pharmacy technicians rather than technicians alone. The separate hospital and ambulatory care ratio was removed at the same time, so one rule now covers every permitted pharmacy. Interns working an assigned college rotation, graduate interns, and clerks, secretaries, messengers and delivery staff are still outside the count.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ar-2026-09-08"},{"state":"LA","date":"2026-09-08","citation":"La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, §907(A)(1) and §709(B) (ratio last amended LR 49:1558, eff. 2023-09-01); enabling statute La. R.S. 37:1212","note":"Louisiana allows one pharmacist to supervise up to 4 support people at a time, counting certified pharmacy technicians, technician candidates and pharmacy interns together, and no more than 2 of those may be technician candidates (La. Admin. Code tit. 46, Pt LIII, §907 and §709). Interns on rotation with a board-approved college of pharmacy are separately limited to 3 per pharmacist.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#la-2026-09-08"},{"state":"MN","date":"2026-09-08","citation":"Minn. Stat. 151.102, subd. 1 (unamended since 2015 c 71 art 10 s 33); Minn. R. 6800.3850, subps. 5-7","note":"Minnesota's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged: under Minn. Stat. 151.102, subd. 1, one pharmacist may supervise up to three technicians, and a pharmacy may exceed that by one additional technician at any given time if at least one technician in the pharmacy holds a valid national certification. Two 2026 bills that would have repealed the ratio, SF 5234 and HF 4966, died in committee when the Legislature adjourned on May 18, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#mn-2026-09-08"},{"state":"TX","date":"2026-09-08","citation":"22 Tex. Admin. Code 291.32(d)(3)(A) (Class A community pharmacy; amended eff. 2025-05-28), with Tex. Occ. Code 568.006 as the narrow statutory 1:5 alternative","note":"In Texas, one on-site pharmacist may supervise up to 6 pharmacy technicians and technician trainees, and no more than 3 of them may be trainees, under Texas State Board of Pharmacy rule 22 TAC 291.32(d)(3)(A). Pharmacist-interns do not count toward that limit. The rule is unchanged since December 2020, apart from a May 28, 2025 amendment that exempts central fill pharmacies with no patient contact, and no change to the ratio is pending before the Board.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#tx-2026-09-08"},{"state":"AL","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"Ala. Admin. Code r. 680-X-2-.14(5) (current version eff. 2026-04-13, corroborated first-hand this cycle from the Board's own rule-changes table); pending citation-correction amendment filed 2026-07-15, hearing 2026-09-16","note":"Alabama's pharmacy technician ratio has not changed. Board rule 680-X-2-.14(5) still lets a pharmacist supervise two technicians when none are certified, three when at least one is certified, and four when at least two are certified, and four remains the hard ceiling however many technicians hold certification. The current version of the rule took effect April 13, 2026. A change the Board proposed in July goes to a public hearing on September 16, 2026, but it only corrects a statutory reference and leaves every staffing number as it is.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#al-2026-09-07"},{"state":"CA","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"BPC 4115(g)(1) (as amended by AB 1503, Ch. 196, Stats. 2025, Sec. 36, eff. 2026-01-01)","note":"California's pharmacy staffing ratio is unchanged and was re-confirmed against the official statute text on September 7, 2026 — Business and Professions Code 4115, as amended by AB 1503 (effective January 1, 2026), allows 3 technicians for the first pharmacist on duty plus 3 more for each additional pharmacist. Separately, the Board's rule on which technician certification programs it approves (16 CCR 1793.65) took effect July 8, 2026; it does not change the ratio.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ca-2026-09-07"},{"state":"CO","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"C.R.S. 12-280-122 (ratio, unchanged); C.R.S. 12-280-115.5(1) (certification floor, unchanged, not re-fetched this session); 3 CCR 719-1 (no new filing since the 07/09/2026 correction); HB26-1336 (Ch. 236, Sess. Laws 2026, eff. 2026-08-12) implementing rulemaking still PRE-NOTICE","note":"Colorado's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged as of September 7, 2026 — up to 6 technicians and pharmacy interns combined per pharmacist, no more than 2 of them interns, under C.R.S. 12-280-122, with a majority-certified requirement once 3 or more technicians are on duty. The State Board of Pharmacy still has not published a formal proposed rule implementing HB26-1336's final product verification provisions; the next Colorado Register issue is due September 10, 2026 and the Board's statutory deadline is December 31, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#co-2026-09-07"},{"state":"GA","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"O.C.G.A. 26-4-82 as amended by HB 382 (Act 476, 2026 Ga. Laws, eff. 2026-07-01); Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 480-15-.03(e) (last amended filed 2023-02-08, eff. 2023-02-28, still unconformed)","note":"Georgia re-checked September 7, 2026 with no change for pharmacies. Board of Pharmacy rule 480-15-.03(e) still requires at least one certified technician on duty to staff three, and at least two to staff four, even though HB 382 (Act 476) removed those tiers from O.C.G.A. 26-4-82 effective July 1, 2026. The Board has not proposed conforming its rule and has no rule hearing on its calendar, so keep scheduling to the certification tiers. The flat ceiling of four on-site technicians per pharmacist is unchanged, and technicians working from a remote location still do not count toward it.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ga-2026-09-07"},{"state":"IL","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"225 ILCS 85/15.1 \"Pharmacy working conditions\" (added by P.A. 101-621, eff. 2020-01-01; amended by P.A. 103-240, eff. 2024-01-01). No pharmacist-to-technician ratio exists in 225 ILCS 85 or in 68 Ill. Adm. Code Part 1330.","note":"No change in Illinois. There is still no pharmacist to technician ratio in Illinois law. Under 225 ILCS 85/15.1 a pharmacy still may not require a pharmacist, student pharmacist or pharmacy technician to work more than 12 continuous hours in a day including breaks, and a pharmacist who works 6 continuous hours or more must still be allowed a 30 minute uninterrupted meal break plus a 15 minute break, with one more 15 minute break at 12 hours. The pharmacy may stay open during that break if the pharmacist stays on the premises and available. The separate requirement to keep a record of pharmacists' daily break periods remains repealed, effective January 1, 2024.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#il-2026-09-07"},{"state":"MA","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"247 CMR 8.06(3)(a)-(b) (last amended eff. 2025-01-09; Mass. Register Issue 1540 EMERGENCY and Issue 1546 COMPLIANCE) and 247 CMR 8.01(16) (last amended eff. 2025-01-09, Mass. Register Issue 1546), both read verbatim first-hand today; Board of Pharmacy Policy 2024-03 \"Ratios, Intern Supervision, and Dedicated Training Personnel\" (adopted 2024-09-05), still 403 to every automated fetch, content search-index-recovered only","note":"Massachusetts has not changed its pharmacy staffing ratio. Under 247 CMR 8.06(3), a Massachusetts pharmacist needs at least one certified pharmacy technician or pharmacy intern among the support staff to have a 3rd, and at least two to have a 4th. The regulation states no condition for one or two support staff. Separately, 247 CMR 8.01(16) limits a pharmacist preceptor to directly supervising two pharmacy interns at one time, and a Board policy adopted September 5, 2024 appears to allow more than two in defined circumstances, so a pharmacy training several interns at once should read that policy before relying on the two-intern figure.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ma-2026-09-07"},{"state":"NC","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-85.15A(c) and (e) (history line unchanged: 2001-375, s. 2; 2013-379, s. 2; 2025-25, s. 29(6)); 21 NCAC 46 .1418 (Health Care Facility Pharmacy Technicians, Amended Eff. 2026-05-01); NCBOP \"Guidance to Pharmacist-Managers Applying for a Pharmacist:Technician Ratio of 1:6 or Greater\" (rev. Nov. 2021)","note":"North Carolina's staffing rule is unchanged. A pharmacist may supervise no more than two pharmacy technicians unless the pharmacist-manager has written approval from the Board of Pharmacy, and by statute the Board cannot approve a higher ratio unless every technician above the second is a certified pharmacy technician (N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c)). Board staff can approve 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5; 1:6 and above goes to the full Board, which must answer within 60 days. Pharmacy students in a Board-approved school are outside the ratio, and health care facility pharmacies keep their separate allowance for qualified Validating Technicians under 21 NCAC 46 .1418.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nc-2026-09-07"},{"state":"NJ","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15(d), (e)(2) (last amended R.2013 d.098, eff. 2013-08-05); enabling statute N.J.S.A. 45:14-80(d), (e); cross-referenced at N.J.A.C. 13:39-11.13(a)","note":"New Jersey's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged. Under N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15 a pharmacist may supervise up to 2 pharmacy technicians in any mix. To run above 2 there is no stated numeric ceiling, but every technician on duty must hold a qualifying credential (passing the PTCB exam, a Board-approved certification program, or a Board-approved employer training program with a testing component) and the pharmacy must meet the rule's other conditions, including a written technician policy-and-procedure manual reviewed at least every two years. One technician on duty without a qualifying credential puts the whole crew back to 2 per pharmacist.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nj-2026-09-07"},{"state":"NV","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"NAC 639.250 (current law, last amended by R002-19A eff. 2019-10-22), incl. NAC 639.250(2) 3-technician retail cap and 2-trainee alternative; LCB File No. R072-25 (proposed, tabled 2026-06-04, NOT adopted — both LCB filings still HTTP 404 today); LCB File No. R010-26 (adopted, filed 2026-07-01, amends NAC 639.242 only)","note":"Nevada's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged: under NAC 639.250 one pharmacist may supervise up to 3 pharmaceutical technicians, or 1 technician plus 2 technicians-in-training, at one time. Proposed rule R072-25, which would raise the cap to 4 technicians and add prescription-volume staffing minimums, was tabled at the Board's June 4, 2026 hearing, was not on the September 2-3, 2026 agenda, and has not been adopted or approved by the Legislative Commission. The Board's next scheduled meetings are October 14-15 and December 2-3, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nv-2026-09-07"},{"state":"NY","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"N.Y. Educ. Law 6841(4); 8 NYCRR 29.7(a)(21)(ii)(a) and 8 NYCRR 63.14(b)(2), both amended eff. 2026-04-29 (Notice of Adoption, I.D. No. EDU-52-25-00016-A, filed 2026-04-14) implementing L. 2025, ch. 543 (S3236A / A678, signed 2025-11-21); 8 NYCRR 63.2 (intern preceptor limit)","note":"No change in New York. A pharmacist may still have no more than four support people helping at one time, and no more than two of those may be registered pharmacy technicians performing licensed technician tasks (N.Y. Education Law 6841(4)). Pharmacy interns remain exempt from that count, and the State Education Department rules updated on April 29, 2026 to let registered pharmacy technicians work in any registered pharmacy are unchanged and in force. A separate rule at 8 NYCRR 63.2 limits a preceptor pharmacist to one full-time intern or two part-time interns and allows one intern for each 5,000 prescriptions the pharmacy dispenses a year.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ny-2026-09-07"},{"state":"OH","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"OAC 4729:5-5-02.2 (eff. 5/1/2024, FYR 5/1/2029); OAC 4729:5-5-02(B)(1) (eff. 5/1/2024); OAC 4729:5-5-02.3 (eff. 7/25/2024)","note":"Ohio's pharmacy staffing rules are unchanged as of September 7, 2026. Ohio sets no pharmacist-to-technician ratio. What it does set, under OAC 4729:5-5-02.2, is a 13-hour limit on any single workday, at least 8 hours off between consecutive shifts, and a 30-minute uninterrupted break for anyone working more than 6 continuous hours. Only a pharmacist may volunteer to work past 13 hours, and the pharmacy must document the overage and the reason and keep it available for inspection for at least 3 years. No amendment to these rules is pending; their next scheduled review is May 1, 2029.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#oh-2026-09-07"},{"state":"SC","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"S.C. Code Ann. § 40-43-86(B)(4)(b) [community/retail dual cap] & § 40-43-86(B)(4)(c) [institutional 1:3 employment ratio]; unaffected by 2026 Act No. 146 (H.4189), eff. 2026-05-26","note":"South Carolina's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged. Under S.C. Code Ann. 40-43-86(B)(4)(b) one pharmacist may supervise at most 4 pharmacy technicians at a time in a community or retail pharmacy, and no more than 2 of those may be non-state-certified. State-certified technicians still count toward the 4. Institutional pharmacies serving facility in-patients follow a separate 1-to-3 employment ratio under 40-43-86(B)(4)(c), with day-to-day supervision set by the pharmacist-in-charge.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#sc-2026-09-07"},{"state":"TN","date":"2026-09-07","citation":"Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-02-.02(7)(a) (October 2025 revised chapter; amendments filed July 18, 2025, effective October 16, 2025)","note":"Tennessee's technician ratio is unchanged, re-confirmed against the rule text on September 7, 2026 — under Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-02-.02(7)(a) a pharmacist may supervise up to 6 non-certified technicians, and certified technicians (CPhT) are not counted against that limit at all. No rulemaking to change it is pending; the Board's next rules committee meeting is October 22, 2026 after the September 24 meeting was cancelled.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#tn-2026-09-07"},{"state":"AL","date":"2026-09-06","citation":"Ala. Admin. Code r. 680-X-2-.14(5) (ratio text read verbatim first-hand this cycle; state compilation records the current version as eff. 2026-04-13); pending citation-correction amendment filed 2026-07-15, hearing 2026-09-16","note":"Alabama's pharmacy technician ratio has not changed. Under Board rule 680-X-2-.14(5) a pharmacist may supervise two technicians with none certified, three with at least one certified, and four with at least two certified, and four remains the hard ceiling no matter how many technicians are certified. A rule change the Board proposed in July is scheduled for a hearing on September 16, 2026, but it only corrects a statutory reference and leaves the staffing numbers untouched.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#al-2026-09-06"},{"state":"MA","date":"2026-09-06","citation":"247 CMR 8.06(3)(a)-(b) (current text last amended eff. 2025-01-09, Mass. Register Issue 1546) and 247 CMR 8.01(16), both read verbatim first-hand this cycle; Board of Pharmacy Policy 2024-03 \"Ratios, Intern Supervision, and Dedicated Training Personnel\" (adopted 2024-09-05), content partially recovered from search indexing only","note":"Massachusetts has not changed its pharmacy staffing ratio. Under 247 CMR 8.06(3), a Massachusetts pharmacist needs at least one certified pharmacy technician or pharmacy intern among the support staff to have a 3rd, and at least two to have a 4th. The regulation states no condition for one or two support staff. A separate Board policy adopted September 5, 2024 says the Board will not enforce those ratios at pharmacies providing vaccination services, so long as the pharmacist supervises no more than six support staff and at least three of them are licensed interns or certified technicians.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ma-2026-09-06"},{"state":"IL","date":"2026-09-04","citation":"225 ILCS 85/15.1 \"Pharmacy working conditions\" (added by P.A. 101-621, eff. 2020-01-01; amended by P.A. 103-240, eff. 2024-01-01). No pharmacist-to-technician ratio exists in 225 ILCS 85 or 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1330.","note":"Illinois does not set a pharmacist to technician ratio. It limits the shift instead: under 225 ILCS 85/15.1 a pharmacy may not require a pharmacist, student pharmacist or pharmacy technician to work more than 12 continuous hours in a day including breaks, and a pharmacist who works 6 continuous hours or more must be allowed a 30 minute uninterrupted meal break plus a 15 minute break, with one more 15 minute break at 12 hours. Two points are often reported incorrectly: the break entitlement in subsection (b) covers pharmacists only, and the separate requirement that a pharmacy keep a record of its pharmacists' daily break periods was repealed effective January 1, 2024.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#il-2026-09-04"},{"state":"NV","date":"2026-09-04","citation":"NAC 639.250(2) (current, last amended by R002-19A eff. 2019-10-22); NRS 639.1371(1); NRS 639.0086 and NRS 639.0113 (definitions); NAC 639.240, 639.245, 639.262-639.268; LCB File No. R010-26 (ADOPTED, approved and filed 2026-07-01, amends NAC 639.242 only); LCB File No. R072-25 (proposed, tabled 2026-06-04, still not adopted as of today)","note":"In Nevada the pharmacist-to-technician limit in NAC 639.250 counts registered pharmaceutical technicians and technicians in training only, and a pharmacy intern is a separate registration under NRS 639.137, so an intern working under an intern certificate does not take up one of those three slots; the intern would only count if that same person is also registered as a pharmaceutical technician and is working in that role. Nevada sets no numeric limit on how many interns one pharmacist may supervise. Separately, effective July 1, 2026 the Board lowered the minimum age to register as a pharmaceutical technician in training from 18 to 16 and now accepts current enrollment in high school instead of a diploma (NAC 639.242, as amended by LCB File No. R010-26).","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nv-2026-09-04"},{"state":"NY","date":"2026-09-04","citation":"N.Y. Educ. Law § 6841(4) (Art. 137-A, Registered Pharmacy Technicians); 8 NYCRR 29.7(a)(21)(ii) and 8 NYCRR 63.14(b)(2), both amended eff. 2026-04-29 (Notice of Adoption, I.D. No. EDU-52-25-00016-A, filed 2026-04-14) to implement L. 2025, ch. 543 (S3236A / A678A, signed 2025-11-21, eff. immediately)","note":"In New York a pharmacist may have no more than four support people helping at one time, and no more than two of those may be registered pharmacy technicians performing licensed technician tasks (N.Y. Education Law 6841(4)). Pharmacy interns do not count toward that limit. As of November 21, 2025 registered pharmacy technicians may work in any registered pharmacy, not just hospital pharmacies, and the State Education Department's rules were permanently updated to match on April 29, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ny-2026-09-04"},{"state":"CO","date":"2026-09-03","citation":"C.R.S. 12-280-122 (ratio, unchanged); C.R.S. 12-280-115.5(1) (certification floor, unchanged); 3 CCR 719-1 (Board rules, no substantive change in trailing 12 months); HB26-1336 (eff. 2026-08-12) implementing rulemaking still PRE-NOTICE","note":"Colorado's pharmacist-to-technician ratio is unchanged as of September 3, 2026 — up to 6 technicians and pharmacy interns combined per pharmacist (no more than 2 interns) under C.R.S. 12-280-122, with a majority-certified requirement once 3 or more technicians are on duty. The State Board of Pharmacy has started early stakeholder work on rules implementing HB26-1336's final product verification provisions but has not yet published a formal proposed rule; its statutory deadline is December 31, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#co-2026-09-03"},{"state":"GA","date":"2026-09-03","citation":"O.C.G.A. § 26-4-82(d)(2), (e), (f), as amended by HB 382 (Act 476, 2026 Ga. Laws, eff. 2026-07-01); Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 480-15-.03(e) (last amended eff. 2023-02-28, still unconformed)","note":"Georgia re-checked September 3, 2026 with no change for pharmacies. Board of Pharmacy rule 480-15-.03(e) still requires at least one certified technician on duty to staff three, and at least two to staff four, even though HB 382 (Act 476) removed those tiers from O.C.G.A. 26-4-82 effective July 1, 2026. The Board has not proposed conforming its rule, so keep scheduling to the certification tiers. If you are considering applying for a higher technician ratio as a closed-door pharmacy, note that at its June 24, 2026 meeting the Board held that allowing any patient to pick up a prescription disqualifies a pharmacy from closed-door status, however rare the pick-up, and that it intends to send future requests to GDNA for an inspection first.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ga-2026-09-03"},{"state":"MA","date":"2026-09-03","citation":"Ala. Admin. Code r. 680-X-2-.14(2), (3), (5), (9)(a) and r. 680-X-2-.12(1) (Alabama); 247 CMR 8.06(3)(a)-(b), 247 CMR 8.01(3) and (16), 247 CMR 9.19(16)(b)(1) and (17)(d), 247 CMR 2.00 definitions of \"Direct Supervision\", \"Pharmacy Intern\", \"Pharmacy Technician\" and \"Preceptor\", and Board Policy 2024-03 (adopted 2024-09-05) (Massachusetts)","note":"In both Alabama and Massachusetts the technician ceiling is written per pharmacist, and when more than one pharmacist is on duty the staffing limits add up across the prescription area rather than locking specific technicians to a specific pharmacist (Ala. Admin. Code r. 680-X-2-.14(5); 247 CMR 8.06(3)). Massachusetts treats pharmacy interns differently: an intern works under an assigned Board-approved preceptor, and 247 CMR 8.01(16) says a preceptor may not directly supervise more than two interns at one time, so interns cannot simply be pooled the way technicians are.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ma-2026-09-03"},{"state":"MA","date":"2026-09-03","citation":"247 CMR 8.06(3)(a)-(b) (Board of Registration in Pharmacy; current text last amended eff. 2025-01-09 per Mass. Register Issue 1546); Board of Pharmacy Policy 2024-03 (adopted 2024-09-05, separate non-regulatory vaccination-services ratio); 247 CMR 14.00 (Petition for Waiver, eff. 2017-09-22); M.G.L. c. 112, §§ 39, 39D, 42A, 61","note":"Under 247 CMR 8.06(3), a Massachusetts pharmacist needs at least one certified pharmacy technician or pharmacy intern among the support staff to have a 3rd, and at least two to have a 4th. The regulation states no condition for one or two support staff. A separate Board policy allows up to 6 support staff only when providing vaccinations. The Board has disciplined pharmacies for exceeding these limits, including a 2013 case where a CVS pharmacy operating at 1 pharmacist to 6 support staff — double the legal maximum — drew a three-year probation.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ma-2026-09-03-2"},{"state":"NC","date":"2026-09-03","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-85.15A(c) (current text as amended by S.L. 2025-25, s. 29(6), eff. 2025-06-26 — orthographic only); 21 NCAC 46 .1418 (Health Care Facility Pharmacy Technicians, Amended Eff. 2026-05-01); NCBOP \"Guidance to Pharmacist-Managers Applying for a Pharmacist:Technician Ratio of 1:6 or Greater\" (rev. Nov. 2021)","note":"In North Carolina a pharmacist may supervise no more than two pharmacy technicians unless the pharmacist-manager has written approval from the Board of Pharmacy, and by statute the Board cannot approve a higher ratio unless every technician above the second is a certified pharmacy technician (N.C. Gen. Stat. 90-85.15A(c)). Board staff can approve 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5; anything at 1:6 or above goes to the full Board, and the Board has 60 days to approve, approve as amended, or explain a denial. Hospital and other health care facility pharmacies have a separate standing allowance for qualified \"Validating Technicians\" under 21 NCAC 46 .1418, which was broadened effective May 1, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nc-2026-09-03"},{"state":"NJ","date":"2026-09-03","citation":"N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15(d), (e)(2) (last amended R.2013 d.098, eff. 2013-08-05); enabling statute N.J.S.A. 45:14-80(d), (e); cross-referenced at N.J.A.C. 13:39-11.13(a)","note":"New Jersey's pharmacy staffing rule is unchanged. Under N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15 a pharmacist may supervise up to 2 pharmacy technicians in any mix. To run above 2 there is no stated numeric ceiling, but every technician on duty must hold a qualifying credential (passing the PTCB exam, a Board-approved certification program, or a Board-approved employer training program with a testing component) and the pharmacy must meet the rule's other conditions, including a written technician policy-and-procedure manual reviewed at least every two years.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nj-2026-09-03"},{"state":"NV","date":"2026-09-03","citation":"NAC 639.250 (current law, last amended eff. 2019-10-22, R002-19A); LCB File No. R072-25 (proposed, TABLED 2026-06-04, not adopted, absent from Sept 2-3 2026 agenda)","note":"Nevada's pharmacist-to-technician ratio remains 1 pharmacist to 3 technicians (or 1 technician plus 2 technicians-in-training) under NAC 639.250. Proposed rule R072-25 -- which would raise the cap to 4 technicians and add volume-based staffing minimums -- was tabled by the Board in June and was not taken up at the Board's September 2026 meeting. It has not been adopted.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nv-2026-09-03"},{"state":"AL","date":"2026-09-01","citation":"Ala. Admin. Code r. 680-X-2-.14(5) (current, eff. 2026-04-13); pending amendment filed 2026-07-15, hearing 2026-09-16","note":"Alabama's pharmacist-to-technician ceiling is unchanged: 2 technicians per pharmacist with none certified, 3 with one certified, 4 with two certified (a hard ceiling of 4). A Board rulemaking open this fall only corrects a statutory cross-reference in the rule and does not change these staffing numbers; its public hearing is set for September 16, 2026.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#al-2026-09-01"},{"state":"CA","date":"2026-09-01","citation":"BPC 4115(g)(1) (as amended by AB 1503, Ch. 196, Stats. 2025, Sec. 36, eff. 2026-01-01)","note":"California's pharmacy staffing ratio is unchanged — under Business & Professions Code 4115 (as amended by AB 1503, effective January 1, 2026) one pharmacist may oversee up to 3 technicians, with 3 more allowed for each additional pharmacist on duty.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#ca-2026-09-01"},{"state":"NV","date":"2026-09-01","citation":"NAC 639.250 (current law, last confirmed amended eff. 2019-10-22); LCB File No. R072-25 (proposed, TABLED 2026-06-04, not adopted) — carried forward from 2026-08-20, NOT re-verified this cycle","note":"Nevada's pharmacist-to-technician ratio remains 1 pharmacist to 3 technicians (or 1 technician plus 2 technicians-in-training) under NAC 639.250. Proposed staffing rule R072-25 remains a proposal and has not been adopted.","url":"https://rxshift.io/regulatory-updates#nv-2026-09-01"}]}